THYROID AND ANTI-THYROID DRUGS

Question 1

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

________ and ________ (PTU) are small sulfur containing thiomides that inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking peroxidase-catalyzed reaction, iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin and coupling of DIT and MIT

Answer 1

methimazole and propylthiouracil

Question 2

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

____________- is preferred in pregnancy and lactation because it is less likely than methimazole to cross the placenta and to enter breastmilk

Answer 2

propylthiouracil

Question 3

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

__________- inhibit iodination of tyrosine and thyroid hormone release

Answer 3

iodide salts and tyrosine

Question 4

Synthetic thyroid hormones
LLL

Answer 4

levothyroxine
liothyronine
liotrix

Question 5

ANTI THYROID DRUGS

Usual forms of iodide salts and iodine are in a form of _________ and saturated solution of ___________

Answer 5

lugol solution
potassium iodide

Question 6

ANTITHYROID DRUGS

________- is taken up and concentrated in the thyroid gland so avidly that a dose large enough to severely damage the gland can be given without endangering other tissues

Answer 6

radioactive iodine

Question 7

ANION INHIBITORS

Anions such as ________ and __________ block the uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland through competitive inhibition of the iodide transporter

Answer 7

thiocyanate and perchlorate

Question 8

OTHER DRUGS

________- inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 and T3 at doses greater than 160 mg/d

the iodine containing anti-arrhythmic drug ________– can cause hypothyroidism through its ability to block the peripheral conversion of T4 and T3

Answer 8

propanolol
amiodarone

Question 9

THYROID DRUG

mixture of levothyroxine and iodothyronine

ratio of 4:1

Answer 9

Liotrix

Question 10

mainly used for hyperthyroidism
4 categories
1. _________ - interfere directly with thyroid hormone synthesis
2. _________ - block the iodide transport mechanism
3.________- suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis when given in high doses
4. __________ - damages and destroy the gland by ionizing radiation

Answer 10

1. Thioamides/Thiourylenes
   2.Ionic Inhibitors
2. Iodide
3. Radioactive Iodine

Question 11

SIDE OF EFFECTS OF THIOMIDES
most common - _______
late - ________
most dangerous but rare - _______

Answer 11

1.maculopapular rash
2. vasculitis, lymphadenopathy
3. agranulocytosis

Question 12

ANION INHIBITORS
1. ________ - may produce aplastic anemia, mainly used as rocket fuel
2. ________ – Technetium scan of thyroid
3. _______ – present in cabbage, brocolli, cauliflower considered as anticancer, but incidentally is also a goitrogen inhibiting thyroid hormone causing goiter

Answer 12

1. Perchlorate
2. Pertechnetate
3. Thiocyanate

Question 13

IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA

_______ and _______
they inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 in the liver, kidney, and brain

inhibition of hormone release is an additional mechanism

adjunctive therapy in the treatment of _______

Answer 13

ipodate and iopanoic acid
thyroid storm