Thyroid and Adrenal Glands

Question 1

Describe the structure of the thyroid gland

Answer 1

.

Question 2

What cells make up the thyroid gland - what do these cells make?

Answer 2

..

Question 3

What is the axis involved with the thyroid

Answer 3

.

Question 4

What are the roles of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland

Answer 4

.

Question 5

What is the active form of the hormone in the thyroid gland

Answer 5

.

Question 6

What element do follicular cells need

Answer 6

.

Question 7

How much of Thyroxine is made

Answer 7

.

Question 8

How much of Triiodothyronine is made

Answer 8

.

Question 9

Describe how the Thyroid hormones are regulated

Answer 9

.

Question 10

What is Hyperthyroidism

Answer 10

.

Question 11

What is Graves’ disease

Answer 11

.

Question 12

What is Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 12

.

Question 13

How is Thyrotoxicosis recognised

Answer 13

.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

.

Question 15

What is Hypothyroidism

Answer 15

.

Question 16

What is Thyroiditis

Answer 16

.

Question 17

What can cause hypothyroidism

Answer 17

.

Question 18

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Describe the radioiodine uptake test

Answer 19

• examining thyroid gland
• determines speed and scope of absorption go iodine by the thyroid gland
• dose of radioiodine given on empty stomach
• control dose dissolved in cup
• using a gamma counter, activity of isotope absorbed by the gland is measured

8-22% after 2 hrs
15-28% after 4 hrs
25-48% after 24 hrs

Question 20

Describe the T3 inhibition test

Answer 20

• demonstrates existence of normal pituitary control over the productive of thyroid hormones
• for 10 days, T3 is administered daily
• uptake of I is measured before and after the test
• exogenic T3 suppresses TSH, absorption of radioiodine reduced by 50-100%
• hyperthyroidism - loss of pituitary control, TSH high

Question 21

Where are the adrenal glands located

Answer 21

.

Question 22

What surrounds the adrenal glands?

Answer 22

.

Question 23

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland

Answer 23

.

Question 24

What hormones are produced by the adrenal gland

Answer 24

.

Question 25

Describe the axis

Answer 25

.

Question 26

What does the adrenal medulla produce- What is the function of this hormone

Answer 26

.

Question 27

What type of hormone is Adr, nAdr

Answer 27

.

Question 28

How are Adr and nAdr released

Answer 28

.

Question 29

What is a difference between Adr and nAdr

Answer 29

.

Question 30

Where does norepinephrine bind to to exert its effect

Answer 30

.

Question 31

What is the adrenal cortex composed of?

Answer 31

.

Question 32

What do the different zonas in the adrenal cortex produce?

Answer 32

.

Question 33

What are the examples of glucocorticoids

Answer 33

.

Question 34

How is cortisol transported in the blood

Answer 34

/

Question 35

How is cortisol metabolised

Answer 35

.

Question 36

What are the physiological actions of Cortisol

Answer 36

.

Question 37

How can anemia occur in relation to Cortisol

Answer 37

.

Question 38

What are the anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol

Answer 38

.

Question 39

Describe how the secretion of cortisol is regulated

Answer 39

.

Question 40

What are the functions of mineralocorticoids

Answer 40

.

Question 41

What is the example of mineralocorticoid

Answer 41

.

Question 42

How does Aldosterone work?

Answer 42

.

Question 43

Where is aldosterone produced?

Answer 43

.

Question 44

What are the functions of Androgens - examples

Answer 44

.

Question 45

What disorder is caused by an overactive adrenal gland

Answer 45

.

Question 46

What disorder is caused by an underactive adrenal gland

Answer 46

.

Question 47

Describe symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 47

.

Question 48

Describe symptoms of Addison’s disease

Answer 48

.