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Physiology > Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the cytoplasmic characteristics of RBCs

A

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2
Q

How does RBCs gain energy?

A

,

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3
Q

Describe the external structure of RBCs

A

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4
Q

What are the dimensions of RBCs

A

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5
Q

How is blood group decided?

A

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6
Q

Do RBC count vary according to location?

A

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7
Q

Male count of RBC

A

4.6 - 6 x 10^12 / L

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8
Q

Female count of RBC

A

3.9-5.3 x 10^12 / L

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9
Q

What are the functions of RBCs

A

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10
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs

A

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11
Q

What is Hypoxia and how does it stimulate Erythropoiesis

A

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12
Q

What is the pathway to produce mature RBCs

A

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13
Q

What are the important factors of maturation of RBCs

A

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14
Q

What is the main hormone that regulates production of RBC

A

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15
Q

What does excess presence of remnants of RBC cytoplasm indicate

A

/

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16
Q

What happens to severely damaged or non-functional RBCs

A

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17
Q

What happens when RBCs rupture

A

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18
Q

What do Macrophages do to Fe, what happens to the remaining heme and the globin

A

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19
Q

Describe the structure of Haemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin A (Hb A): makes up about 95%-98% of hemoglobin found in adults; it contains two alpha (α) chains and two beta (β) protein chains.

Hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2 ): makes up about 2%-3% of hemoglobin found in adults; it has two alpha (α) and two delta (δ) protein chains.

Hemoglobin F (Hb F, fetal hemoglobin): makes up to 1%-2% of hemoglobin found in adults; it has two alpha (α) and two gamma (γ)

20
Q

What is essential for Hb synthesis

A

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21
Q

Describe the reaction of Hb with oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

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22
Q

What are the disorders of RBCs

A

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23
Q

Describe anemia

A

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24
Q

What are the causes of anemia

A

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25
Q

What is Aplastic anemia

A

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26
Q

Describe Polycythemia

A

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27
Q

Describe Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

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28
Q

What are the ESRs of Males

A

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29
Q

What are the ESRs of Females

A

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30
Q

What happens to ESR when RBCs are reduced

A

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31
Q

What happens to ESR when plasma proteins are increased

A

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32
Q

What Physiological conditions causes an increase in ESR

A

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33
Q

What Pathological conditions cause an increase in ESR

A

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34
Q

What are three important RBC indices

A

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35
Q

Mean Cell Hb

A

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36
Q

Mean Cell Hb conc.

A

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37
Q

Mean Cell Volume

A

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38
Q

RBC chamber counting method

A
  • using a mixing pipette
  • Ring finger pricked, first drop wiped off
  • Capillary end is dipped into second drop at a 45 degree angle
  • Blood drawn in onto 0.5 Mark
  • Hayem’s solution is added
  • Stirring
  • Transferred to a capillary space
  • Examined on microscope
  • RBC counted on smallest squares
  • Inside the squares and those that touch two random lines
39
Q

Ferrometric method for determining Hb level

A
  • measured according to amount of iron in the Hb molecule
  • 100g - 0.347g Fe
  • expensive
40
Q

Gasometrical method for determining Hb level

A
  • measured by amount of has (O2, CO2,) bound to Hb at complete saturation
  • expensive
41
Q

Calorimetric method for determining Hb level

A
  • Hb transformed into stable colour complex
  • undergoes photometry
  • carried out by haemoglobincyanide
42
Q

Different types of hemolysis

A
  • alpha - partial hemolysis - leaves dark green colour behind
  • beta - complete lysis of red cells - lightened (yellow)
  • gamma - non-hemolytic
43
Q

Osmotic Resistance of RBC

A
  • test carried out with 24 test tubes
  • contain 2ml of NaCl solutions (hypotonic)
  • decreasing conc.
  • add drops of blood to each, mixed, undisturbed
  • centrifuged
  • upper limit marked - light yellow colouring - onset of hemolysis
  • lower limit is test tube without RBCs at the bottom - red - complete hemolysis
  • reduced resistance in anemic children

Physiology (8 decks)

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