Thyroid

Question 1

MC thyroid malignancy (over 80% of Ca)

Answer 1

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Question 2

PTC MC arises as a

Answer 2

Single nodule

Question 3

Least aggressive form of thyroid CA

Answer 3

Papillary thyroid cancer

- slow growing and often remains confined to thyroid and regional lymph nodes

Question 4

Majority of thyroid nodules remain

Answer 4

Microscopic and benign; indolent

Unless >1cm diameter

Question 5

Associated w/ hurthle cell

Answer 5

Follicular thyroid carcinoma

Question 6

Most aggressive thyroid cancer

Answer 6

Aplastic thyroid carcinoma

Question 7

Treatment of choice for actual thyroid carcinoma

Answer 7

Surgical thyroidectomy or removal

- can be hemi-lobectomy or total lobectomy based on type and size of tumor

Question 8

First line screening for thyroid carcinoma

Answer 8

Ultrasound

Question 9

Pregnant women can have thyroid surgery after ________ weeks of gestation

Answer 9

24

Question 10

Functional unit of a thyroid

Answer 10

Follicle

Question 11

Follicle contains

Answer 11

Colloid w/ thyroglobulin

Question 12

Thyroid is the main site for this

Answer 12

Iodine oxidation via perioxidase

Question 13

Test for thyroid function

Answer 13

TSH (0.4-4.0 mU/L)

Question 14

TRH axis

Answer 14

TRH—>TSH—>T3/T4
Overstimulation of TRH via hypothalamus leads to growth and hyperplasia of thyroid gland (increase in number and size of follicles= gland growth)

Question 15

Goiters can be:

Linked with?

Answer 15

• euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid

- iron deficiency

Question 16

Thyroid hormone in circulation?

Answer 16

MC as T4 (inactivated)

10% T3 (active form)

Question 17

Primary Hypothyroidism clinical image

Answer 17

increased TSH and decreased FT4

Question 18

Secondary hypothyroidism clinical picture

Answer 18

decreased TSH and decreased FT4

Question 19

Etiologies of hypothyroidism

Answer 19

1- hashimotos
2- de quervain
3- cancer
4- chemo agents
5- amiodarone

Question 20

S/S of hypothyroidism

Answer 20

Weight gain
Low energy
Brittle nails and hair
Bradycardia
Untreated can lead to miscarriage and pregnancy problems

Question 21

Explain the patho of hashimotos

Answer 21

Autoimmune destruction of follicular cell (destruction of thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and TSH receptor)
- hyperthyroidism initially—> hypothyroidism