Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KC Endocrine > #2- Pituitary > Flashcards

#2- Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

This one of the earliest signs of pituitary tumor or abnormal growth

A

Bitemporal hemianopia
Aka loss of aspects of vision
Compression of optic chiasm—> peripheral vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The hypothalamus regulates:

A

Appetite, sleep, activity of the ANS, and pituitary hormone secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

ADH (vasopressin) and Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH, prolactin, GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TRH axis

A

TRH in hypothalamus–> TSH via thyrotroph cells of ant. Pit—> thyroid gland to release T3 and T4 for metabolism regulation & calcitonin from parathyroid glands for minor role in blood calcium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GHRH axis

A

GHRH via hypothalamus—> GH/somatotropins via somatotroph cells—> insulin like growth factors (IGFs) from liver for cell growth and cessation of apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most frequent pediatric intracranial neoplasm

A

Craniopharyngioma

- arises from squamos cell nests in primitive Rathke pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is the pituitary gland known as the “master gland”

A

It influences the hormonal secretions of other endocrine glands via releasing trophic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CRH axis

A

CRH via hypothalamus—> ACTH via corticotroph cells of the anterior pit—> glucorticoids (CHO metabolism and stress response) and mineralcorticoids (weakly: aldosterone to regulate BP and water reabsorption) via adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GTRH axis

A

GTRH via hypothalamus—> FSH and LH via gonadotroph cells of ant. Pit—> ovaries and testes which function in growth of ovaries and testes, output of sex hormones, regulating menstrual cycle in women, and male androgen release

  • LH: testosterone and progesterone
  • FH: estradiol and inhibin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of somatostatin:

A

Inhibitory hormone via hypothalamus which inhibits TSH and GH/somatotropins via somatotroph cells in the ant. Pit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of dopamine:

A

Inhibitory hormone via hypothalamus which inhibits prolactin stimulation by TRH via lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vasopressin Role

A

Posterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water; regulates BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxytocin role

A

Posterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates breasts and uterus for contraction of uterus and prostaglandin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prolactin inhibition and fx:

A
  • dopamine
  • drugs mimicking dopamine

Fx: stimulates milk production in breast tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prolactin stimulation:

A
  • TRH
  • estrogen
  • nipple sucking
17
Q

Role of somatostatin released by the hypothalamus:

A
  • inhibits TSH

- inhibits GH

18
Q

Two inhibitory enzymes released by the hypothalamus:

A

Somatostatin

Dopamine

19
Q

Tumor effects depend on

A

1- Hormones: amount and type
2- Tumor: size and location
3- Patient: age

20
Q

Functioning tumors release which 2 hormones:

A

GH or prolactin

21
Q

MC adenoma

A

Microadenoma

- benign but may be functional

22
Q

Microadenoma size and hormone release

A

<1 cm/10 mm and prolactin

23
Q

Macroadenoma size and hormone release

A

> 10 mm and GH

24
Q

Benign adenoma more common in adults

A

Meningioma

- always non-functional

25
Q

Prolactinoma s/s in women

A

MC microadenomas

  • menstrual irregularities; menopause; pain w/ sex; vaginal dryness; and osteoporosis
  • 30-80% w/ galactorrhea: may be B/L or unilateral
26
Q

S/s Prolactinoma in men:

A

Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and infertility (gynecomastia is rare)

27
Q

These symptoms arise as adenomas increase in size

A

Compression s/s aka visual field deficits

28
Q

Hyperprolactinemia differential dx:

A 
1- pregnancy (MC and #1 to think of)
2- drugs that inhibit dopamine
3- ESRD/cirrhosis
4- endocrine disorders: (aka too much TRH being release) hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency
5- hypothalamic or pituitary pathology
29
Q

W/u for prolactinoma:

A

Check TSH and prolactin levels (pregnancy test if female)

1st: MRI w/ thin cuts/contrast
2nd: CT w/ contrast if sella abnormal

30
Q

Treatment for prolactinoma:

A

1- most microprolactinomas do not progress—> so mild s/s? Then yearly MRI and w&w
2- Meds: Bromocriptine—> dopamine agonist and tumor shrinks
3- Surgery: Transphenoidal pituitary adenectomy

31
Q

Excessive GH in adults leads to

A

Acromegaly

32
Q

excessive GH in children leads to

A

Gigantism

33
Q

MC cause of excessive GH

A

Functional pituitary adenoma

- 70% of acromegalics have a macroadenoma; 1/3 of functional adenomas secrete GH

34
Q

Anterior lobe of hypothalamus secretes hormones via

A

Pituitary Portal circulation

35
Q

Posterior lobe of hypothalamus secretes hormones via

A

Directly by a neural network in the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe

KC Endocrine (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions