Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 pathways involved in fibrinolysis and what are the activators/enzymes involved?

A

Extrinsic pathway - Tissue Plasminogen activator (TPA)

Intrinsic pathway - Factor XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do TPA and Factor XII react with in order to create plasmin?

A

Plasminogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does plasmin react with in order to create fibrinogen and fibrinogen breakdown products (e.g D-dimer)?

A

Fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Draw a simplified version of the fibrinolysis pathway

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A clot arising in the wrong place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by the term thromboembolism?

A

Movement of a clot along a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw Virchows Triad

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause problems with each component of Virchows Triad?

A

Stasis - Bed rest or Travel

Vessel Damage - Atherosclerosis

Hypercoagulability - Pregnancy or Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 locations in which thrombosis can occur?

A

1 - Arterial

2 - Venous

3 - Microvasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most likely primary cause of an arterial thrombus?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are consequences of an arterial thrombus?

A

Ischaemia

Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most common types of arterial thromboembolism?

A

1) Coronary Thromboembolism
2) Cerebrovascular Thromboembolism
3) Peripheral Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What conditions can occur due to a coronary thromboembolism?

A

MI

Unstable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What conditions can occur due to a cerebrovascular thromboembolism?

A

1) Stroke
2) TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What conditions can occur due to a peripheral thromboembolism?

A

1) Limb Ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors for arterial thromboembolism?

A

1) Smoking
2) Age
3) Sedentary lifestyle
4) Hypertension
5) Obesity
6) Diabetes Mellitus
7) High cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are arterial thromboemboli’ primarily prevented?

A

1 - Lifestyle modification

2 - Treatment of vascular risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are arterial thromboemobli managed in an acute presentation?

A

1) Thrombolysis
2) Antiplatelet (aspirin/ticagrelor)/anticoagulant (warfarin/LMWH) drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the constituents of an arterial thrombus?

A

Platelets

Fibrin

20
Q

What are the constituents of venous thrombus?

A

Red cells

Fibrin

21
Q

What is the main physiological effect of venous thrombi’?

A

Back pressure

22
Q

Thinking of Virchows Triad, what are the main causes of venous thrombus’?

A

Stasis

Hypercoagulability

23
Q

What are the most common types of venous thromboembolism?

A

Deep vein thrombosus

Pulmonary embolism

24
Q

What factors can affect stasis and hypercoagulability that both contribute to venous thromboembolisms?

A

1 - Immobility

2 - Surgery

3 - Obesity

4 - Pregnancy

5 - COCP/HRT

6 - Increasing age

25
Q

What systemic diseases are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis?

A

1 - Cancer

2 - Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

3 - Inflammatory bowel disease

4 - SLE

26
Q

What are the 2 pretest scoring methods used to indicate the likelihood of a venous thrombosis?

A

1 - Wells score

2 - Geneva score

27
Q

Which pretest scoring method is best for diagnosing DVT’s?

A

Wells score

28
Q

Which pretest scoring method is best for diagnosing PE’s?

A

Geneva score

29
Q

What lab testing will be performed if the pretest probability score was low?

A

D-dimer

30
Q

What sensitivity and specificity does the D-dimer test have?

A

Highly sensitive

Not specific

31
Q

If the D-dimer result is low, what is the next step?

A

Imaging

32
Q

If the pretest probability score is high, what would be the next step?

A

Imaging

No need for D-dimer test

33
Q

What imaging modalities are used to diagnose venous thromboembolisms?

A

Compression Doppler USS

V/Q perfusion scan

CT Pulmonary Angiogram

34
Q

What would be the features of a DVT on compresison doppler USS?

A

1 - Thrombosed vein enlarged

2 - Thrombosed vein non-compressible

35
Q

What are the features of a PE on a V/Q perfusion scan?

A

Mismatch between perfusion and ventilation

36
Q

What scan must be performed before doing a V/Q perfusion scan?

A

The patient must have a normal X-ray scan

37
Q

What is the gold standard imaging method for PE’s?

A

CT Pulmonary Angiogram

38
Q

What are the aims of management of DVT’s/PE’s?

A

1 - Prevent clot extension

2 - Prevent clot embolisation

3 - Prevent clot recurrence in long term

39
Q

What are the anticoagulant drugs used to treat DVT/PE’s?

A

Anticoagulants - Warfarin, LMWH or DOAC’s

Thrombolysis for massive PE’s

40
Q

What are the most common heritable thrombophilias?

A

1 - Factor V Leiden

2 - Prothrombin G202

41
Q

What does Factor V Leiden cause?

A

An increase in clotting, i.e. a hypercoagulable state

42
Q

What protein is affected by Factor V Leiden mutation?

A

Protein C

43
Q

To which group of patients is thrombophilia screening useful?

A

Antithrombin deficiency

44
Q

What sort of ischaemia is present with microvascular thrombus?

A

Diffuse ischaemia

45
Q

In what condition are microvascular thrombus’ most common?

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

46
Q

In what conditions is DIC most commonly seen?

A

1 - Septicaemia

2 - Malignancy

3 - Eclampsia

Haematology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions