Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Lymphoid Malignancy > Flashcards

Lymphoid Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different ways that lymphomas can present?

A

1) Lymphadenopathy
2) Extranodal Involvement
3) Bone Marrow Involvement
4) Systemic B symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the systemic (B) symptoms associated with lymphomas?

A

1 - Weight loss (>10% in 6 months)

2 - Fever

3 - Night sweats

4 - Pruritis

5 - Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definitive way to define the type of lymphoma?

A

Biopsy (lymph node or bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What information can clinical examination and imaging give us about a lymphoma?

A

Where it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of lymphoma?

A

1) Hodgkin Lymphoma
2) Non-hodgkin Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between HL and NHL?

A

HL - specific disease

NHL: - broad term covering around 50 subtypes of lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the lymphoproliferative disorders?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of NHL?

A

High-grade

Low-grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of high-grade NHL?

A

Diffuse

Large B-cell lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of low-grade NHL?

A

Follicular

Marginal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is HL or NHL more common?

A

NHL is more common than HL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ALL and what are its features?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

  • Cancer of lymphoblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is ALL diagnosed?

A

> 20% lymphoblasts present in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common age group affected by ALL?

A

Children < 6 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common presentation of ALL?

A

2-3 week history of bone/joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristic blood markers of ALL and what is their cause?

A

All due to bone marrow failure caused by over proliferation of lymphoblasts:

Haemoglobin - Low

WCC - High

Platelets - Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apart from joint pain, what other features are commonly seen in ALL?

A

1 - Impaired vision (retinal haemorrhages)

2 - Weight loss

3 - Infection

4 - Severe night sweats

18
Q

How is ALL treated?

A

1 - Chemotherapy cures systemic disease

2 - Stem cell transplantation if high risk

19
Q

What are some of the newer therapies available for ALL and what is their general mode of action?

A

1) BiTe molecules
2) CAR

They are both T-cell immunotherapies

20
Q

What are the common side effects of T-cell immunotherapy?

A

1) Cytokine release syndrome
2) Neurotoxicity

21
Q

What are poor prognostic factors for ALL?

A

1 - Increasing age

2 - Increased WCC

3 - Poor response to treatment

22
Q

How is CLL diagnosed?

A

Blood shows > 5x10^9/L lymphocytes

Bone marrow shows > 30% lymphocytes

B-cell markers and CD5 +VE

23
Q

Are males or females more affected by CLL?

A

Males 2:1

24
Q

How does CLL present?

A

1 - Often asymptomatic at presentation

2 - Bone marrow failure (anaemia + thrombocytopenia)

3 - Lymphadenopathy

4 - Splenomegaly

5 - Fever and sweats

25
Q

What is the staging system used for CLL?

A

Binet

26
Q

What are the different stages of the Binet system and what are their clinical features?

A

A - < 3 lymph node areas involved

B - 3 or more lymph node areas involved

C - Stage B + anaemia or thrombocytopenia

27
Q

What are the indications that CLL treatment should be started?

A

1 - Bone marrow is failing progressively

2 - Massive lymphadenopathy

3 - Progressive splenomegaly

4 - Lymphocyte number doubles in < 6 months

28
Q

What is the treatment for CLL?

A

1 - Watch and wait

2 - Cytotoxic chemotherapy

3 - Monoclonal antibodies

29
Q

What are poor prognostic factors for CLL?

A

1 - Binet stage B or C

2 - Abnormal lymphocyte morphology

3 - Rapid lymphocyte doubling time (<12 months)

4 - Loss of p53

5 - CD 38+ expression

30
Q

What is the classic presentation of lymphoma?

A

1) Lymphadenopathy
2) Extranodal disease
3) B symptoms (weight loss, night sweats, pruritis, fever)
4) Hepatic or Spleno megaly
5) Bone marrow involvement

31
Q

How are lymphomas assessed and ‘staged’?

A

1 - Lymph node biopsy

2 - CT scan

3 - Bone marrow aspirate

32
Q

How are NHL’s classified?

A

1) According to cell lineage:

T-cell

B-cell

2) Grade of disease (high or low)
3) Histological features

33
Q

What cell type do most NHL’s originate from?

A

B-cell

34
Q

What are the features of a low-grade NHL?

A

1 - Asymptomatic

2 - Responds to chemo

3 - Slow growing

35
Q

What are the features of a high-grade NHL?

A

1 - Aggressive + fast-growing

2 - Requires combination chemo

36
Q

What are the 2 most common subtypes of NHL and what grade are they?

A

1) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - high grade
2) Follicular lymphoma - low grade

37
Q

How are NHL’s treated?

A

Monoclonal antibodies + chemotherapy

38
Q

What is the age distribution for Hodgkin lymphomas?

A

Twin peaks:

1 - 15-35 y.o.

2 - Later in life

39
Q

With which virus is Hodgkin lymphoma commonly associated with?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

40
Q

How is Hodgkin Lymphoma treated?

A

1) Combination chemo
2) Monoclonal antibodies

Haematology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions