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Haematology and Immunology AM > Thrombotic disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of haemostasis?

A

Primary- vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and aggregation
Blood coagulation- insoluble fibrin formation and cross linking
Fibrinolysis

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2
Q

What are the 3 factors of Virchow’s triad?

A

Hypercoagulability of blood
Stasis of blood
Vessel wall injury

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3
Q

What can cause hyper coagulability?

A

Pregnancy
Cancer
Thrombophilia
Inflammatory disease

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4
Q

What can cause stasis of blood?

A

Immbolity
Varicose veins
Venous obstruction

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5
Q

What is an arterial thrombus?

A

White clot- platelets and fibrin

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6
Q

What does arterial thrombosis result in?

A

Ischaemia and infarction

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7
Q

What is arterial thrombosis often secondary to?

A

Atherosclerosis

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for arterial thrombosis?

A 
Age
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
DM
Obesity
Hypercholesterolaemia
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9
Q

What is the management of arterial thrombosis?

A

Primary prevention- lifestyle modification, treatment of risk factors
Acute- thrombolysis, anti platelet/anticogulents
Secondary prevention

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10
Q

What is a venous clot?

A

Red clot- fibrin and red cells

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11
Q

What does venous thrombosis cause?

A

Back pressure

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12
Q

What is venous thrombosis principally due to?

A

Stasis and hypercoagulability

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for venous thrombosis?

A 
Increasing age
Pregnancy
Hormonal therapy
Tissue trauma
Immobility
Surgery
Obesity
Systemic disease
FH
Heritale thrombophilia
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14
Q

What systemic diseases are risk factors for venous thrombosis?

A

Cancer
Myoproliferayive syndrome
Autoimmune- IBD, connective tissue disease, antiphospholipid syndrome

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15
Q

How is venous thrombosis diagnosed>

A

Wells/Geneva score
D dimer
Imaging- Doppler US, CT pulmonary angio, V?Q scan

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16
Q

What is the management of venous thrombosis?

A

Anticoagulents- heparin, warfarin or direct acting oral anticoagulant
Thrombolysis in massive PE

17
Q

What are microvascular clots?

A

Platelets and/or fibrin

18
Q

What does microvascular thrombosis result in?

A

Diffuse ischaemia

19
Q

When does microvascular thrombosis mainly occur?

A

In DIC

20
Q

When does DIC primarily occur?

A

Septicaemia
Malignancy
Eclampsia

21
Q

What does DIC cause?

A

Gangrene

Organ failure

22
Q

What is DIC?

A

Diffuse systemic coagulation activation

Consumption of platelets and clotting factors leads to bleeding

Haematology and Immunology AM (17 decks)

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