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Haematology and Immunology AM > Myeloid malignancies > Flashcards

Myeloid malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key features of AML?

A

Leukaemia cells do not differentiate

Bone marrow failure

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2
Q

What are the clinical features of AML?

A

Bone marrow failure- anaemia, thrombocytopenia, infection

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3
Q

What causes infection in AML?

A

Neutropenia

Mainly bacterial and fungal

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4
Q

What investigations are done for AML?

A

Blood count and film
Bone marrow aspirate
Cytogenics and immunophenotyping of leukaemia blasts
CSF if symptomatic

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5
Q

What is the treatment of AML?

A

Chemotherapy
stem cell transplant
Targeted teratment
Low risk= All-trans retinoid acid ATRA and arsenic trioxide ATO

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6
Q

What ae the key features of CML?

A

Leukaemia cells retain ability to differentiate

Proliferative without bone marrow failure

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7
Q

What are the clinical features of CML?

A 
Anaemia
Splenomegaly- often massive
Weight loss
Hyperleukostasis
Gout
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperleukostasis in CML?

A

Fundal haemorrhage and venous congestion
Altered conciousness
Resp failure

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9
Q

What investigations are done for CML?

A

Blood count and film- high WCC and platelets, anaemia
Bone marrow aspiration
Philadelphia chromosome in blood and bone marrow

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10
Q

What is the treatment of CML?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Allogenic transplant- rare not, if TKIs fail

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11
Q

What are myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

Acquired clonal disorders of the bone marrow

Pre-leukaemic

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12
Q

What is th epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

Commonly seen in ol age, rarer in younger

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13
Q

What are the clinical features of myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

Present as macrocytic anaemia and pancytopenia

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14
Q

What is the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

Supportive

Stem cell transplant in young

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15
Q

What are the complications of myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

Progression to AML

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16
Q

What are the myeloproliferative neoplasms?

A

Poycythaemia vera
Essential thrombocythaemia
Idiopathic myelofibrosis

17
Q

What is polycythaemia vera?

A

Excess of red cells

18
Q

What are the clinical features of PV?

A 
Headaches
Itch
Vascular occlusion
Thrombosis
TIA, stroke
Splenomegaly
19
Q

What investigations are done for PV?

A

FBC- raised rec cells
Raised WCC and platelets
Raised uric acid
Increase in red cell mass

20
Q

What is the treatment of PV?

A

Standard- Venesection and aspirin
Hydroxycarbamide- prevention of stroke
JAK2 inhibitor- in HC failure with systemic symptoms

21
Q

What are the complications of PV?

A

Stroke
Thrombosis
Bone marrow failure
Transformation to AML

22
Q

What is essential thrombocythaemia ET?

A

Excess in platelets

23
Q

What are the clinical features of ET?

A 
Arterial and venous thrombosis
Digital ischaemia
Gout
Headaches
Mild splenomegaly
24
Q

What is the treatment of ET?

A

Aspirin

Hydroxycarbamide or anagrelide

25
Q

What are the complications of ET?

A

Progression to myelofibrosis or AML

Haematology and Immunology AM (17 decks)

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