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Haematology and Immunology AM > Bleeding and thrombosis > Flashcards

Bleeding and thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What signals activate clotting?`

A

Abnormal surface

Physiological activator

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2
Q

What cells are involved in clotting?

A

Platelts
Von Willebrande factor
Coagulation factors

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3
Q

What is the role of platelets in haemostasis?

A

Adhere
Activation
Agrregation
Provide phospholipid surface for coagulation

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4
Q

What is von Willebrande factor?

A

Big sticky protein

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5
Q

What are the functions of von Willebrande factor?

A

Primarily bind factor VIII and bring it to area of the clot

Binds collagen and glycoproteins

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6
Q

What ar the steps in haemostasis?

A

Platelet plug formation

Clot formation

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7
Q

What is the process of platelet plug formation?

A

Abnormal surface activates von Willebrand factor

This expresses glycoproteins that intact with other platelets to produce aggregation and adhesion

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8
Q

What is formed by the coagulation cascade?

A

Fibrin

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9
Q

What is the function of fibrin?

A

Form fibrin mesh over platelet plug, to trap red and white blood cells, hardening clot and forming thrombus

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10
Q

What is the coagulation cascade?

A

Pathway 1. Factor VII and tissue factor
Pathway 2. Factors VIII, IX, XI
Pathways 1 and 2 interact to help factor X
Factor X catalyses prothrombin –> thrombin
Thrombin catalyses fibrinogen –> fibrin

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11
Q

What are the natural anticoagulants?

A

tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Protein C and S
Antithrombin

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12
Q

What does tissue factor pathway inhibitor act on?

A

factor VII and X

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13
Q

What does protein C and S act on?

A

Factor X

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14
Q

What does antithrombin act on?

A

Factors VIII, IX, X and XI

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15
Q

What are the anti platelets?

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor

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16
Q

How does aspirin act as an anti platelet?

A

Prevents main platelet aggregation factor

17
Q

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor act?

A

Prevent activation of platelets

18
Q

What are the anticoagulants?

A

Warfarin
Heparin
Riveroxiban
Dabigatrin

19
Q

What does warfarin act on?

A

Factor IX, X and VII

Prothrombin

20
Q

What des heparin act on?

A

Factor X

Thrombin

21
Q

What dos riveroxiban act on?

A

Factor X

22
Q

What does dabigatrin act on?

A

Thrombin

23
Q

What is the process of fibrinolysis?

A

Plasminogen gets trapped in fibrin mesh when clot is formed
When bleeding has stopped, tissue plasminogen activator stimulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves fibrin and breaks down the clot from the inside

Haematology and Immunology AM (17 decks)

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