Thromboembolism

Question 1

The proximal DVTs are

Answer 1

Femoral
Iliac
Popliteal DVTs

Question 2

The inherited causes of DVT include

Answer 2

Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Antithrombin deficiency
Inherited prothrombin mutation
Factor v leiden mutation
Dysfibrinogenemia

Question 3

What is the most specific symptom of DVT?

Answer 3

Unilateral Edema

Question 4

The most sensitive test for DVT is ……

Answer 4

Homan’s sign

Question 5

The physical examinations for DVT include…

Answer 5

1.Unilateral edema
2.Homan’s sign
3.Phlegmasia cerulea dolens or alba( oedema with cyanosis or ischemia)
4.Leg pain not specific at all
5.Superficial thrombopheblitis ( 40%of patients without associated cause is suspected to be DVT)

Question 6

What percentage of patients with homan’s signs have DVT what percentage doesn’t

Answer 6

30%
50%

Question 7

Differential diagnosis of DVT include

Answer 7

Cellulitis
Baker’s cyst
Lymphangitis
Leg swelling from paralysis
Muscle strain, or tear
Knee abnormality

Question 8

The 10 parameters for wall’s score include

Answer 8

Active cancer
Pitting edema
Calf swelling > 3cm in affected leg compared to asymptomatic leg
Localised tenderness along the deep venous system
Entire leg swelling
Collateral superficial vein not associated with varicose vein
Bed ridden >/= 3days major surgery within 4 weeks
History of DVT
Alternative diagnosis as likely as DVT or greater
Paralysis or recent plaster immobilisation of Lower extremities

Question 9

What is the Wells score grading

Answer 9

High probability >/=3
Moderate probability 1/2
Low probability </=0

Question 10

What are D-dimers

Answer 10

Fibring fragments found in newly formed clot or degradation pf fibrin in cross-linked fibrin

Question 11

Monoclonal antibodies is used to differentiate

Answer 11

Fibrin-specific clot from fibrin and fibrinogen

Question 12

Arterial thromboembolic disorders associated with elevated D- dimer include

Answer 12

Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Acute limb ischaemia
Atrial fibrillation
Intracardiac thrombus

Question 13

The Diagnostic procedure preffered in a case of possible recurrent DVT is …

Answer 13

Impedance plethysmograph

Question 14

Compression uktrasonography in DVT shows

Answer 14

Abnormal doppler colour flow
Abnormal compressibility of the vein
Echogenic band
Abnormal changes in diameter during valsva movement