Adrenal Cortex Flashcards
The adrenal gland weighs
4-5 g each
Zonal glomerulosa produce …….. of aldosterone
100-150 mcg/day
Zonal reticulation produces ……….. and it’s under the control of ………
Adrenal androgenic DHEA and Androstenedione
Control by ACTH
Side effects of corticosteroids are
C cushings syndrome
O osteoporosis
R Retardation of growth
T Thinning of the skin
I Immunosuppression
C cataracts / glaucoma
O oedema
S suppression of hypothalamic pituitary axia
T Teratogenicity
E Emotional disturbances
R Rise in blood pressure
O obesity
I Increased body hair ( hirsutism)
D Diabetes mellitus
S - striae
Glucocorticoids stimulates
Gluconeogenesis
Na2+ retention
K+ loss
Increased uric acid production
Increased neutrophil activity
Protein catabolism
Fat deposition
Glucocorticoids inhibit
Protein synthesis
Immune response
Lymphocyte
Eosinophils
Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency include
Random cortisol
Short and long acting ACTH stimulation test
FBS
Antibodies
Electrolyte and urea
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Increased blood urea
The commonest cause of Addison’s dx is ………..
Autoimmune adrenalitis esp 21 -hydroxylase.
Common cause like polyglandular syndrome
Infectious causes of addison’s dx are
Bacteria
TB
Meningococcemia( Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
Viral
HIV/AIDS
CMV
Most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is
Withdrawal symptoms from withdrawal of corticosteroids
Most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is
Withdrawal symptoms from withdrawal of corticosteroids
Proopiomelanocortin breaks up into ……
ACTH
a melanocyte
Management of adrenal crisis is by …….
Iv hydrocortisone for adrenal crisis
Dexamethasone for incomplete diagnosis
Prednisolone for chronic ( outpatients)
How is hyponatremia treated in both chronic adrenal insufficiency state and acute adrenal insufficiency
Chronic- fludrocortisone
Acute- IV normal saline
