Physical Examination In Pulmonology

Question 1

Sputum is composed of

Answer 1

Epithelial cells of the airways
Microorganisms
Saliva
Tracheobronchial secretions
Cellular debris

Question 2

Sputum colours and the bacterial involved

Answer 2

Rusty brown - streptococcal pneumonia
Red currant jelly- Klebsiella pneumonia
Greenish-pseudomonas pneumonia
Pink frothy- pulmonary oedema
Black- coal worker pneumoconiosis
Blood stained- pulmonary TB or Malignancy, suppurative lung dx
Anchovy sauce - ruptured amoebic liver abscess

Question 3

Causes of Nocturnal cough include

Answer 3

Bronchial Asthma
Tropical Eosinophilia
Chronic bronchitis
Left cardiac failure
Post nasal drip

Question 4

Characters of cough and their cause

Answer 4

Paroxysmal cough- recurrent prolonged cough found in whooping cough and chronic bronchitis

Barking cough- epiglottal involvement
Hysterical individuals
Brassy - metallic sound compression of trachea by intrathoracic lesion

Bovine - non-explosive cough due to lesion to recurrent laryngeal