Throat- Anatomy / Physiology

Question 1

what are the functions of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

taste 
mastication 
speech 
digestion 
swallowing

Question 2

what is the course of the parotid duct?

Answer 2

prices the buccinator muscle then enters oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar

Question 3

what is stensons duct?

Answer 3

parotid duct

Question 4

what is the submandibular duct also known as?

Answer 4

whartons duct

Question 5

what separates the 2 lobes of the submandibular gland?

Answer 5

mylohyoid muscle

Question 6

what nerve supplies the 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 6

lingual nerve

Question 7

what nerve is the lingual nerve a branch of and what fibres does it carry?

Answer 7

maxillary branch of the trigeminal CN V3
somatic afferent nerve fibres (voluntary)
also carries fibres not part of V3;
- chord tympani (facial nerve)

Question 8

what nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and what is it a branch of?

Answer 8

chords typmani

branch of facial nerve CN VII

Question 9

what provides sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 9

lingual nerve

Question 10

what nerve supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 10

glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 11

what type of papillae in the tongue don’t contain taste buds?

Answer 11

filiform papillae

Question 12

where does fungiform papillae lie in the tongue?

Answer 12

they are scattered throughout the dorsal of the tongue

Question 13

where does circumvallate papillae lie on the tongue?

Answer 13

placed in a row just anterior to the sulcus terminals

Question 14

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 14

genioglossus
styloglossus
hypoglossus
palatoglossus

Question 15

what muscles of the tongue;

1. alter shape?
2. alter position?

Answer 15

1 = intrinsic muscles 
2 = extrinsic muscles

Question 16

what are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 16

masseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 17

what is the nerve supply of the muscles for mastication?

Answer 17

CN V3

Question 18

what type of epithelium is found within the oropharynx?

Answer 18

non keratinised stratified squamous

Question 19

what is the nerve supply of the oropharynx?

Answer 19

pharyngeal plexus = XI and X

accessory nerve and vagus

Question 20

what are the 3 subsites the hypo pharynx is divided into?

Answer 20

pyriform sinus
post cricoid area
posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 21

what is the nerve supply of the hypo pharynx?

Answer 21

pharyngeal plexus - CN XI and CN X

accessory nerve and vagus nerve

Question 22

during swallowing, the bolus is propelled downwards by peristaltic motions via what nerve supply?

Answer 22

aucherbachs plexus (myenteric plexus)

Question 23

what is the boundary of the glottis?

Answer 23

begins superiorly at the true vocal fold

extends inferiorly to a horizontal plane 5mm inferior to the vocal cord

Question 24

what muscles re responsible for moving the larynx?

Answer 24

extrinsic muscled;

infra and supra hyoid strap muscles

Question 25

does the intrinsic or extrinsic muscles regulate movement of the vocal cords?

Answer 25

intrinsic

Question 26

what is the sensory innervation of the supra glottis, glottis and subglottis?

Answer 26

supra glottis = internal laryngeal nerve | glottis and subglottis = recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 27

what is the motor innervation of the trachea?

Answer 27

vagus nerve CN X | intrinsic muscles = recurrent laryngeal muscle (except cricothyroid muscle = external laryngeal)

Question 28

why does the left recurrent laryngeal have a higher risk of injury?

Answer 28

it is longer than the right which just wraps around the subclavian, where as the left wraps around the aorta

Question 29

at what level does the laryngeal nerve divide into internal and external?

Answer 29

the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone

Question 30

what does the external laryngeal nerve supply?

Answer 30

the anterior supra glottis mucosa and cricothyroid muscle (intrinsic muscle)

Question 31

what does the internal laryngeal muscle supply?

Answer 31

supra glottis

Question 32

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

Answer 32

glottis subglottis intrinsic muscles of the trachea