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Head and Neck Physiology/Clinical > Otology > Flashcards

Otology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common presenting symptoms in otology cases?

A 
hearing loss 
tinnitus 
vertigo 
otalgia 
otorrhoea 
facial weakness
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2
Q

what is the medical term for discharge form the ear?

A

otorrhoea

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3
Q

what is the medical term for sensation of movement?

A

vertigo

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4
Q

what is the medical term for sensation of sound when there is no external sound?

A

tinnitus

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5
Q

why is facial weakness a common symptoms associated with otology cases?

A

the facial nerve which supplies the face supplies sensation to the anterior part of the external auditory canal

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6
Q

what examinations are carried out in otology cases?

A

otoscopy
microscopy
tuning fork tests - Rinne’s & Weber’s
whispered voice test

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7
Q

what investigations are carried out in otology cases?

A

pure tone audiometry

tympanogram

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8
Q

in someone with sensorineural hearing loss, would they test positive or negative in the Rinne’s test?

A

positive

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9
Q

in someone with conductive hearing loss would they test positive or negative in the Rinne’s test?

A

negative

conduction bone > air

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10
Q

if someone has conductive hearing loss what would you expect the results to be like in the Weber’s test?

A

they would have lateralisation of sound > in the ear affected

i.e. if they had conductive hearing loss in their right ear they would hear the sound greater in the right ear during the test

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11
Q

if someone has sensorineural hearing loss what would you expect the results to be like in the Weber’s test?

A

they would hear sound greater on the side that isn’t affected.
i.e. if they had hearing loss in the left ear then they would hear the sound greater on the right ear

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12
Q

concerning pure tone audiometry, what is considered normal hearing?

A

> 20dB

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13
Q

concerning typanogram, what is type B and Type C?

A

type B = low middle ear compliance (perforated drum or fluid in the middle ear)
type C = low middle ear pressure (eustachian tube not working)

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14
Q

is conductive and sensorineural hearing loss reversible?

A

conductive is reversible

sensorineural isn’t reversible

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15
Q

what is a complication from a pinna haematoma?

A

cauliflower ear

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16
Q

what is the management for auricular/pinna haematoma?

A

incision and drainage
antibiotics
pressure dressing

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17
Q

what is a condition of inflammation of the external auditory meatus?

A

otitis externa

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18
Q

what is malignant otitis externa?

A

osteomyelitis of the temporal bone

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19
Q

what is the management for otitis media with effusion?

A

observation for 3 months
otovent
grommets

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20
Q

what is characteristic of acute suppurative otitis media?

A

pus in the middle ear

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21
Q

what is the presentation of acute supportive otitis media?

A

otalgia with or without tympanic membrane rupture which eases the pain and then causes otorrhoea

22
Q

what is the management for acute supportive otitis media?

A

observation

amoxicillin

23
Q

what are 2 conditions of chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

perforation of the tympanic membrane

cholesteatoma

24
Q

what are causes of perforation of the tympanic membrane?

A

infection
trauma
grommet

25
Q

what is the presentation of perforated tympanic membrane?

A

hearing loss
recurrent / chronic infection
otalgia

26
Q

what is the management of a perforated tympanic membrane?

A

water precautions

myringoplasty

27
Q

what are the causes of cholesteatoma ?

A

eustachian tube dysfunction

impaired skin migration out of the ear

28
Q

what is the presentation of cholesteatoma?

A

persistant offensive otorrhoea

29
Q

what is the management of cholesteatoma?

A

mastoidectomy (remove diseased mastoid cells)

30
Q

what are the managements for tinnitus?

A

treat underlying cause
sound enhancement
stress management

31
Q

what are the differential diagnoses of vertigo?

A

benign paroxysmal positional dysfunction
migraine
menieres disease
vestibular neuritis/ labrynthitis

32
Q

what causes BPPD?

A

otoconia in the semis circular ear canals

33
Q

what are the clinical features of BPPD?

A

vertigo precipitated by specific changes in head movement
lasts only seconds
no associated symptoms
nystagmus is positional and rotatory

34
Q

what is the investigation and management for BPPD?

A

dix-halpike test

epley manoeure

35
Q

what is vestibular neuritis/ labyrinthitis?

A

reactivation of latent HSV infection of vestibular ganglion

36
Q

what is the difference between vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis?

A

there is hearing loss in labyrinthitis

no hearing loss in vestibular neuritis

37
Q

what is the clinical features of vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis?

A

spontaneous vertigo lasting for days

nystagmus is horizontal and towards the ear

38
Q

what is the management for vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis?

A

acute - vestibular sedatives

chronic - vestibular rehabilitation

39
Q

what is Meniere’s disease?

A 
endolymphatic hydrops 
(raised pressure in the endolymph)
40
Q

what are the clinical features of Menieres disease?

A

spontaneous vertigo
associated unilateral hearing loss/ tinnitus / aural fullness
last for hours

41
Q

wha is the management for menieres disease?

A

bendroflumethazide
intratympanic dexamethasone
intratympanic gentamicin

42
Q

what can be the differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy?

A

intratemporal e.g. cholesteatoma
extratemporal e.g. parotid tumour
idiopathic e.g. Bell’s palsy

43
Q

what is the treatment for bells palsy?

A

steroids

eye care

44
Q

what is the name of the condition caused by calcification of the tympanic membrane?

A

tympanosclerosis

45
Q

what is malignant otitis externa and how do you treat it?

A

osteomyelitis of the temporal bone

amoxicillin

46
Q

what is otosclerosis?

A

fixation of the stapes by an extra bone causing conductive hearing loss hearing loss

47
Q

what are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A 
presbycusis  (old age) 
tumour i.e. acoustic neuroma 
head injury 
noise exposure 
ototoxic medications
viral infections
48
Q

if there is a facial nerve palsy, is it typically LMN or UMN? and how would you differentiate the two?

A

a facial nerve palsy is LMN damage and damage of UMN causing facial palsy is typically due to a stroke
with the LMN affected in facial palsy the forehead is involved (so the forehead won’t be able to move either). however if it is UMN then the forehead isn’t involved

49
Q

what causative organism is responsible for otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

50
Q

what causative organism is responsible for otitis media?

A

strep. pneumonia
h. influenzar
mortadella catahharis

Head and Neck Physiology/Clinical (17 decks)

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