Acute Red Eye Flashcards
what are the causes of acute red eye?
infective conjunctivitis allergic conjunctivitis corneal abrasion acute anterior uveitis scleritis acute angle closure glaucoma orbital cellulitis
what are the symptoms/signs of infective conjunctivitis?
gritty
red
sticky discharge (purulent/pussy)
how do you treat infective conjunctivitis?
topical antibiotics
what is the presentation of allergic conjunctivitis?
rapid onset of;
- itchy
- red
- discharge
- lid swelling
- conjunctival swelling with chemosis ( conjunctival oedema)
what are the treatments of allergic conjunctivitis?
topical antihistamine
avoid allergen
mast cell stabalisers
what are the symptoms/signs of corneal abrasion?
a lot of pain
watery
blurred vision
epithelial defect
what is the treatment for corneal abrasion?
topical antibiotics
analgesia
what is acute anterior uveitis?
inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
what are the symptoms/signs of acute anterior uveitis ?
pain watery photophobia blurred vision floaters red checks in anterior chamber hypopyon small irregular pupil
what is hypopyon and what condition does it occur in?
pus in the anterior chamber of the eye
occurs in acute anterior uveitis
what are the symptoms and signs of scleritis?
a lot of pain which radiates to the bones of the orbit
redness
nodule
very tender
can be associated with systemic inflammation
sight threatening
what is the treatment for scleritis?
systemic steroids
what is acute angle close glaucoma?
problem with blockage of the drainage angle of the aqueous humour so the IOP builds up rapidly
what are the symptoms/signs of acute angle glaucoma?
pain redness blurred vision nausea and vomitting hazy cornea fixed mid dilated pupil hard eyeball
what patients are are higher risk of developing getting angle glaucoma and why?
hypermetropic patients (long sighted) - eyeball is too small so are at risk of the angle closing older patients because the lens gets bigger as you age
what is the treatment for angle closure glaucoma?
lower IOP by carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
constrict pupil
laser iridotomy
what is usually the site of infection in cellulitis?
the sinuses
what are the symptoms/signs of cellulitis?
pain redness blurred vision diplopia malaise pyrexia proptosis reduced eye movement
what complications can occur from cellulitis and why?
meningitis
encephalitis
because infection in the eye can easily spread to the brain
what are the different types of cellulitis?
diffuse cellulitis
orbital abscess
subperiosteal abscess
cavernous sinus thrombosis
what is the treatment for cellulitis?
admit
IV antibiotics
CT scan (identify site of infection - which sinus)
drainage of pus
what is the treatment for anterior uveitis?
topical steroids
dilator eye drops i.e. cyclopentanate
