Head and Neck conditions Flashcards
what is the most common pathological type of malignant tumour in the neck?
squamous cell carcinoma
what is the most common benign tumour found in the neck?
pleomorphic adenoma
what is the presentation of a pharyngeal pouch?
dysphagia
aspiration pneumonia/ complications
regurgitation
weight loss
what are the characteristics of a reactive lymph node compared to a malignant lump?
lymph node will be oval, soft, tender, smooth
a malignant lump will be round, irregular, non-tender, hard
what is the initial investigation of a suspected pharyngeal pouch?
barium swallow
what is the initial investigation of a neck lump?
FNA cytology
a patient presents with severe pain in his throat and right ear. he has difficulty opening his mouth and has extreme pain on swallowing.
what is the most likely diagnosis?
quinsy / peri tonsil abscess
what is quinsy a complication of?
tonsillitis
what is the most common cause of a head and neck cancer?
HPV
human papilloma virus
what are risk factors for head and neck cancers?
smoking
alcohol
HPV
a CT scan shows an intracranial abscess in an 18 month old patient.
What is the most likely condition that the abscess a complication of?
mastoiditis
what is the most likely causative organism for otters externa?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
if someone presents with a facial palsy, how would you differentiate between a stroke or bells palsy being the diagnosis?
Bells palsy = LMN therefore wouldn’t be able to move their eyebrows
Stroke = UMN therefore would be able to raise their eyebrows
what is the condition for hearing loss due to old age?
presbycusis
what is characterises of the hearing loss in presbycusis?
sloping sensorineural hearing loss
hear worse in higher frequencies
a 2 year old patient presents with foul smelling unilateral nasal discharge. what is the most likely diagnosis?
foreign body
what thyroid cancer is associated with famillial inheritance?
medullary thyroid cancer
what thyroid cancer is associated with lymphatic spread and what type is associated with haematogenous spread?
follicular = haematogenous papillary = lymphatic
a woman of 70 presents with a neck lump which is progressively getting larger. what is the most likely type of thyroid tumour?
anaplastic
associated with old age and aggressiveness
what deficiency can cause diffuse thyroid swelling?
iodine deficiency
what are the causes of diffuse thyroid swelling?
colloid goitre (adenomatous benign nodules)
thyroiditis
graves disease
what is a colloid goitre what can cause it?
puberty lactation pregnancy gland hyperplasia iodine deficiency
what are the 7 S’s in the examination of a neck lump?
site size shape soft stuck sore skin
a patient presents with a feeling of a lump in his throat when he swallows and sometimes gets reflux. however the lump feeling eases when he swallows with food compared to water.
there shows to be no pathology.
what is this termed as and what causes it?
globus pharyngeus
feeling of a lump in the throat when swallowing
caused by stress/anxiety
