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A-level History - America > Thresholds politics (for sources) > Flashcards

Thresholds politics (for sources) Flashcards

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1
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

1953-61

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2
Q

John F Kennedy

A

1961-63

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3
Q

Lyndon B Johnson

A

1963-69

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4
Q

Richard Nixon

A

1969-74

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5
Q

Gerald Ford

A

1974-77 Rep

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6
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

1977-81 Dem

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7
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

1981-89

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8
Q

George Bush

A

1989-93

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9
Q

JFK speech on ‘New Frontier’ at … Dem Convention

A

1960

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10
Q

1960 JFK …

A

43

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11
Q

Medicare planned increase social security taxes by …, … Chairman of … Killed off in …

A

0.25%
Wilbur Mills S Dem from Arkansas
House of Ways & Means Committee
1963

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12
Q

School Assistance Bill: in … Asked for … For new schools & raised teacher salaries, passed … Defeated in …

A

(Feb) 1963
$2.3bn over 3 years
Senate
House of Representatives

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13
Q

… Attorney General … fed troops to protect …, in … sent troops to protect …

A

1961
Robert Kennedy
Freedom Riders
1962
James Meredith

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14
Q

JFK failed to intervene Albany campaigns …

A

1961-62

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15
Q

… black citizens inc children attacked by dogs & water cannons Birmingham, Alabama

A

1963

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16
Q

Civil Rights Bill stuck in Congress at K’s death, … planned to keep bottled up indefinitely

A

chairman of House Rules Committee, Dem Howard W Smith from Virginia

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17
Q

… published Silent Spring …

A

Rachel Carson (former member US Fish & Wildlife Service)
1962

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18
Q

Clean Air Act

A

1963

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19
Q

… appointed … Sec of the Interior = … helped National Park Service acquire … land

A

1961
Stewart Udall
1961-69
3.85mil acres

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20
Q

Peace Corps created by Exec Order … = first 2 years … volunteers aid to … countries, … Americans approved

A

1961
5,000
46
71%

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21
Q

first satellite Sputnik … first man in space Yuri Gagarin …

A

1957
(Apr) 1961

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22
Q

National Aeronautics & Space Administration created …

A

1958

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23
Q

… K requested additional … from Congress for space programme over …

A

25th May 1961
$7-9bn
5 years

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24
Q

within … Am astronauts … in space, first men on moon …

A

year
Alan Shepard & Virgil Grisson
June 1969

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25
Q

min wage increased from … to … in …, covered … workers (S Dems led by … ensured … poorly-paid workers excluded)

A

$1
$1.25
1961
3.6mil
Carl Vinson of Georgia
350,000

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26
Q

(JFK) food stamp programme fed … cost … annually, used Exec Orders to give … children daily free school lunch & milk

A

240,000
$22mil
700,000

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27
Q

Equal Pay Act …, next … … employees total … in back pay

A

1963
10 years
171,000
$84mil

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28
Q

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity created by Exec Order … = proportional fed jobs to black Ams

A

1961

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29
Q

invasion of Cuba … = … voters agreed national security most important issue

A

(Apr) 1961
63%

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30
Q

K assassinated

A

Nov 1963

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31
Q

… election against …, J landslide victory … popular vote

A

1964
Barry Goldwater
61.1%

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32
Q

… J declared war on poverty -> top 20% owned … nation’s wealth, bottom 20% …

A

(Jan) 1964
77%
0.05%

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33
Q

1964 … black families classed as poor = annual income below …

A

43%
$300

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34
Q

Economic Opportunity Act … established …

A

1964
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)

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35
Q

by … … states had antipoverty programmes & … families on welfare receiving work training

A

Feb 1965
44
25,000

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36
Q

Head Start programme … enrolled

A

nearly 1mil

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37
Q

J increased fed expenditure on poor from … to …

A

$13bn
$20bn

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38
Q

despite war on poverty … families still below poverty line & infant mortality & unemp .. high for non-white families

A

1/3
2x

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39
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1964

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40
Q

… S black children still in segregated schools in …

A

68%
1968

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41
Q

Voting Rights Act … -> by … … black pop Mississippi registered, black Ams elected to office increased sixfold …, doubled …

A

1965
1968
59%
1965-69
1969-80

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42
Q

Fair Housing Act

A

1968

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43
Q

Medicare & Medicaid …, Medicare = fed funded health insurance for over … & with disabilities, … enrolled in …

A

1965
65s
19mil
1966

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44
Q

Medicare fees = … by …

A

$144bn
1993

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45
Q

(J) … Ams had never finished high school -> double expenditure on education to …

A

54mil
$8bn

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46
Q

Elementary & Secondary Education Act … = … children benefited

A

1965
over 6.7mil

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47
Q

Higher Education Act … helped … poorer students

A

1965
11mil

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48
Q

college students = … 18-22 year olds …, … by …

A

15%
1950
52%
1990

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49
Q

Demonstration & Model Cities Act … = investment into … - only …

A

1966
Chicago, Detroit, Houston, LA & Washington DC
$1.2bn

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50
Q

Omnibus Housing Act … = rent supplements & … worth low & moderate income housing in cities

A

1965
$8bn

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51
Q

Middle Am = … pop, income = …

A

55%
$5,000 - $15,000

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52
Q

Vietnam War J sent in Am ground troops …, by … … Am soldiers in V

A

1965
1968
half mil

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53
Q

Tet Offensive … = … guerilla Com troops attacked major cities S V = … Ams watched on TV

A

30th Jan 1968
80,000
60mil

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54
Q

polls … = … believed too many receiving welfare who should be working

A

1968
84%

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55
Q

Watts riot in LA … lasted …, … damage, … died

A

1965
6 days
$40mil
34

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56
Q

MLK assassinated … = riots in … cities

A

Apr 1968
100

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57
Q

national student protests sparked by protests against political literature restrictions in … …

A

Berkeley, Uni of California
winter 1964-65

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58
Q

… Stop the Draft Week demonstration in …, … attended march

A

1967
Washington
over 100,000

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59
Q

… … female activists disrupted Miss America beauty pageant

A

1968
100

60
Q

Mattachine Society created …

A

1950

61
Q

1968 election … Rep vs … Dem vs … Independent

A

Richard Nixon
Hubert Humphrey (J’s VP)
George Wallace

62
Q

Nixon’s running mate … Harsh stance against … Black civil rights riots …

A

Spiro Agnew
Baltimore
1968

63
Q

By … … Spent on War on Poverty, … On V War

A

1966
$1.2bn
$22bn

64
Q

…’s influential … Visited V …, witnessed Tet Offensive

A

CBS
Walter Cronkite
1968

65
Q

… US troops massacred … Unarmed civilians at My Lai village … Officers charged with complicity & cover up but in end only … Convicted with murder & reduced to house arrest by N

A

Mar 1968
Over 300
25
Mar 1971
Lieutenant William Calley

66
Q

N appointed conservatives to Supreme Court e.g. …

A

Chief Justice Warren Burger

67
Q

N shrank …, closed … Job Centres

A

OEO
59

68
Q

… N announced Family Assistance Plan, rejected by Congress but would have cut parent’s income support if refused to work & limited welfare recipients to … Per year

A

1969
$1,600

69
Q

N had … Approval rating for trying to reduce gov spending & welfare

A

65%

70
Q

… CIA & FBI launched Operation Chaos against radical groups

A

1967

71
Q

N announced expansion into Cambodia …, students at … Clashed with police & National Guard

A

1970
Kent State Uni, Ohio

72
Q

N vetoed Child Development Act …

A

1971

73
Q

Eve … Election … = ‘peace [in V] is at hand’

A

1972
National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger

74
Q

‘Hard Hat Riot’ in … … = … Construction workers

A

NYC
May 1970
200

75
Q

1972 election Reps called Dem … ‘3As’ candidate = …

A

George McGovern
acid, abortion & amnesty

76
Q

1972 election … Vs … -> won … Popular vote & … States

A

Richard Nixon
George McGovern
60.7%
49/50

77
Q

N southern white support rose … 1968 to … 1972

A

38%
72%

78
Q

CREEP = …, run by …

A

N’s Committee to Re-elect the President
Attorney-General John Mitchell

79
Q

2nd break-in … to …. headquarters in Watergate building discovered

A

17th June 1972
Democratic National Convention

80
Q

N paid burglars … to keep quiet, handed over edited tapes …, Sup Court ruled release all tapes …, threatened with impeachment, resigned …

A

$430,000
April 1974
July 1974
Aug 1974

81
Q

War Powers Act …, Ethics in Gov Act … = required senior gov officials disclose finances

A

1973
1978

82
Q

Ford vetoed … bills in … presidency

A

66
29 month

83
Q

Ford called for tax increases then … tax cut, accepted … tax cut from Congress

A

$16bn
$7bn

84
Q

… global oil prices (set by …) rose … due to …

A

1973
Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
4x
Yom Kippur War in Middle East

85
Q

70s stagflation = inflation average … …

A

8.2%
1973-83

86
Q

70s stagflation = rising unemp - … … -> … …

A

6.5%
Dec 1974
8.9%
May 1975
(recession by 1975)

87
Q

… Com forces overran … = end

A

April 1975
Saigon

88
Q

1976 election … vs … -> carried … votes but only … vote

A

Jimmy Carter (won)
Gerald Ford
Southern, union, black & rural protestant
50.1%

89
Q

(C) first … reviewed White House tennis court requests

A

6 months

90
Q

wife … Carter

A

Rosalynn

91
Q

‘Billygate scandal’ = older brother registered foreign agent … ‘loan’ from … gov

A

$220,000
Libyan

92
Q

C … lowest approval any pres

A

Dec 1977

93
Q

C stimulus package cut corporate taxes …

A

$900mil

94
Q

C first year unemp fell … to … but by end of … unemp … & inflation …

A

8%
7%
1978
10%
13%

95
Q

Islamic revolution Iran = US oil prices … to … a barrel …, cost of living doubled …

A

$3
$34
1973-79
1968-78

96
Q

… … Am petrol stations forced to close

A

June 1978
58%

97
Q

C Camp David peace agreement between … & …

A

Israel
Egypt

98
Q

Iranian Hostage Crisis … took … hostages from US embassy

A

1979
60

99
Q

Soviet invasion Afghanistan …

A

Dec 1979

100
Q

only … approved C’s foreign policy

A

38%

101
Q

boycott … Moscow Games joined by … nations

A

1980
64

102
Q

… … felt environment greatest domestic problem, … by …

A

1969
1%
25%
1971

103
Q

membership environmental organisations e.g. … = … 1960, … 1970, … 1980

A

Sierra Club, National Resource Defense Council
125,000
1mil
2mil

104
Q

J Wilderness Act … added .. new areas to National Park Service & … new National Parks

A

1964
50
3

105
Q

J Water Quality & Clean Air Acts … & Clean Water Restoration Act …

A

1965
1966

106
Q

N set up … & …, Clean Air Act … & Endangered Species Act …

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration OSHA)
1970
1973

107
Q

EPA regulations -> catalytic converters & unleaded gasoline in … cut car pollution …

A

1975
75%

108
Q

F Toxic Substances Control Act … = reduced pollution in cities

A

1976

109
Q

… Love Canal industrial waste, cost NY State gov … to clean up

A

1978
$30mil

110
Q

C Alaska Lands Act … & renewed Clean Air & Clean Water Act …

A

1980
1980

111
Q

… evangelical Christians who never voted before helped elect R

A

5mil

112
Q

Roe v Wade …

A

1973

113
Q

… ran Christian Broadcasting Network & ran for Rep pres nomination

A

Reverend Pat Robertson

114
Q

top … televangelists … reached audience …

A

8
1980
20mil

115
Q

… set up Baptist Moral Majority organisation …, show Old Time Gospel Hour had audience …

A

Baptist minister Jerry Falwell
1979
1.5mil

116
Q

… joined Phyllis Schlafly’s Eagle Forum

A

50,000

117
Q

R 1984 election campaign …

A

‘Morning Again in America’

118
Q

R failed to endorse Family Protection Act … = called for …

A

1981
ban abortion, school prayer, tax breaks for wives & mothers stayed home, single sex sports at school, parental censorship reading materials in schools & deny teenage access to contraception unless parents notified

119
Q

‘Reaganised’ judiciary = nominated … conservative judges e.g. … & … as … in …

A

nearly 400
William Rehnquist
Antonin Scalia
Supreme Court justices
1986

120
Q

National Right to Life Committee had … supporters by …

A

11mil
1980

121
Q

… formed Concerned Women for America = … members by … (more than NOW)

A

Beverley LaHaye
500,000
mid-80s

122
Q

… R appointed Sandra Day O’Connor to Sup Court

A

1981

123
Q

… = Missouri could deny women access to public abortion facilities

A

Webster v Reproductive Services of Missouri (1989)

124
Q

Roe vs Wade ruling reaffirmed in …

A

Planned Parenthood vs Casey (1992)

125
Q

… Sup Court upheld … law crim homosexual intercourse & … other states had similar laws against ‘deviant sexual intercourse’

A

1986
Georgia
24

126
Q

… Ams died of AIDS by …

A

over 46,000
1989

127
Q

… ACT UP (…) created

A

1987
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power

128
Q

R’s friend … died …

A

Rock Hudson
1985

129
Q

Ryan White died … -> Ryan White Care Act = … to help victims

A

1990
$220mil

130
Q

by … ACT-UP got … from Congress for research

A

1992
$2bn

131
Q

(80s) … Ams used illegal substances & … babies born addicted to cocaine or heroin

A

1/6 (~40mil)
375,000

132
Q

… Nancy R began ‘Just Say No’ campaign = travelled … & visited … cities in … states

A

1982
250,000 miles
65
33

133
Q

by … … Just Say No clubs

A

1988
12,000

134
Q

… Drug-Free Workplace Act = unis & contractors receiving fed gov money had to be drug free

A

1988

135
Q

by … … spent enforcing drug laws per year

A

1990
$10bn

136
Q

R reduced budget … fed programmes & cut staff regulatory agencies … on average

A

212
29%

137
Q

inflation … 1980, … 1988

A

13.5%
4.7%

138
Q

unemp … 1980, … 1988

A

7%
5.2%

139
Q

US national debt … when Bush became pres

A

$2.7 trillion

140
Q

Bush raised fed income tax … to … in …

A

28%
31%
1990

141
Q

Bush cut military & domestic spending … & Federal Reserve Board lowered interest rates to …

A

$492bn
3.5%

142
Q

R inc military spending by … over …

A

~$1.6 trillion
5 years

143
Q

Bush intervened in Panama in … against military dictator …

A

1989
General Manuel Noriega

144
Q

Bush liberated Kuwait against Iraqi dictator … in … -> sent … troops, only … Ams died

A

Saddam Hussein
1991
700,000
136

145
Q

… R attempted to nominate Robert Bork as Sup Court judge

A

1987

146
Q

… challenged Bush for Rep nomination …

A

Pat Buchanan
1992

A-level History - America (7 decks)

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