personal freedoms & civil rights (for sources) Flashcards

1
Q

Jim Crow laws introduced in Old South after …

A

1877

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2
Q

Plessy vs. Ferguson … - ‘separate but equal facilities’ equal

A

1896

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3
Q

(pre-1955) … black Ams unable to vote

A

80%

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4
Q

… … year old Emmett Till murdered in Mississippi

A

1955
14

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5
Q

NAACP (…) created …

A

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
1909

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6
Q

Brown vs Topeka Board of Education

A

1954

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7
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott … - started by Rosa Parks …

A

1955-56
1st Dec 1955

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8
Q

… black community joined bus boycott, company lost … revenue - case … made segregation buses illegal

A

85%
65%
Browder vs. Gayle 1956

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9
Q

Little Rock campaign … - … black students enrolled at Central High School, opposed by local Governor …

A

1957
9
Faubus

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10
Q

Greensboro sit ins … spread to … more states with … people, profits dropped …

A

1960
6
over 70,000
1/3

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11
Q

Freedom Rides … = tested … ruling against segregation interstate bus services

A

1961
Boynton vs Virginia 1960

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12
Q

University of Mississippi James Meredith …, Governor … refused

A

1962
Ross Barnett

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13
Q

Birmingham Campaign …, only … pop registered to vote

A

1963
10%

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14
Q

(Birmingham) taunted Police Chief … -> .. police attacked with fire hoses & imprisoned … black children, Soviet media … radio time to protest

A

‘Bull’ Connor
3rd May
1,300
1/5

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15
Q

March on Washington …, … people, … white

A

Aug 1963
250,000
20%

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16
Q

Civil Rights Act … = banned exclusion public places, Attorney-General could file law suits to speed up desegregation, … set up

A

1964
Fair Employment Practices Commission

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17
Q

Mississippi Freedom Summer … organised by …, … black pop had been registered

A

1964
SNCC member Robert Moses
under 5%

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18
Q

(Mississippi Freedom Summer) … homes & … black churches firebombed, … civil rights workers abducted & killed, only … out of … successfully registered

A

30
37
3
1,600
17,000

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19
Q

Selma Campaign … … pop black, … registered to vote, police led by …

A

1965
57%
less than 1%
Sheriff Jim Clark

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20
Q

Selma … march to Montgomery, by finish (3rd attempt) … people joined

A

50 mile
25,000

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21
Q

Voting Rights Act … - black Ams elected to office increased 6 fold … & doubled …

A

1965
1965-69
1969-80

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22
Q

by 1968 even Mississippi had … black pop registered to vote

A

59%

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23
Q

early 60s only … black students graduated high school, … white students

A

32%
56%

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24
Q

early 60s black Ams … of pop, … of unemp

A

11%
46%

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25
Q

Harlem Riot … 15 year old …shot 7 killed by police -> … nights rioting & looting by … New Yorkers

A

1964
James Powell
6 nights
4,000

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26
Q

Watts Riot … = … days looting & arson, … deaths, … property damage, (… members Cali Army Nat Guard needed to help police)

A

1965
6
34
over $40mil
nearly 4,000

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27
Q

Chicago Freedom Movement … - only … of estimated … attended rally in …, Mayor … cut off water to western ghetto during heatwave

A

1966
30,000
100,000
June
Richard Daley

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28
Q

Poor People’s Campaign …

A

1968

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29
Q

Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike …

A

1968

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30
Q

King’s assassination … - … joined procession, violence in … cities across … states

A

4th April 1968
50,000
130
29

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31
Q

Albany campaign … local police chief …

A

1962
Laurie Pritchett

32
Q

‘pupil placement plan’ created in … in response to Brown ruling

A

Mississippi

33
Q

The Southern Manifesto signed by … congressmen & senators in …

34
Q

… Civil Rights Act = Strom Thurmond … filibuster -> amended

A

1957
over 24hr

35
Q

MLK’s house bombed by KKK in … & motel room during …

A

1956
Birmingham campaign

36
Q

… NAACP secretary for Mississippi assassinated …, killer never brought to trial

A

Medgar Evers
1963

37
Q

first White Citizens’ Council set up in Mississippi …, by … membership = …

A

1954
1956
250,000

38
Q

Malcolm X assassinated …

39
Q

Mexico City Olympics … - men’s … medal ceremony … made Black Power salute wearing black leather gloves

A

1984
400m
Tommy Smith & John Carlos

40
Q

… formed all-black band using non-Western instruments

A

Miles Davis

41
Q

Nation of Islam established …

42
Q

Black Panthers founded in … in Oakland by …

A

1966
Huey P. Newton & Bobby Seale

43
Q

Black Panthers only … members in … loosely affiliated urban chapters but newspaper circulation … by … & … clinics advising on health, welfare & legal rights

A

5,000
30
~250,000
1969
over 40

44
Q

Black Panthers in decline by …, … alone … members killed by police in shootouts

A

1972
1969
28

45
Q

Stokely Carmichael leader of SNCC from …, wrote book Black Power …, SNCC expelled white members

A

1966
1967
Dec 1966

46
Q

… speech by Rap Brown (new SNCC chairperson) in … -> race riot

A

1967
Cambridge, Maryland

47
Q

… Floyd McKissik chairperson of CORE, by … ‘multiracial’ removed from constitution & … whites excluded

A

1966
1967
summer 1968

48
Q

Mex Ams working seasonally only employed average … days/year & Chicano families = … Californian welfare cases

49
Q

LULAC = …

A

League of the United Latin Am Citizens

50
Q

Cesar Chavez set up … - membership … in … -> … in …

A

National Farm Workers Association (NFWA)
200
1962
over 1,200
1965

51
Q

La Huelga = … strike from …, involved … farm workers against California’s …

A

5 year
1965
over 10,000
San Joaquin Valley grape growers

52
Q

NFWA joined forces with … to create …

A

Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (union of Filipino farm workers)
United Farm Workers (UFW)

53
Q

Chavez organised … march The Pilgrimage to offices Governor of Cali

54
Q

… nat boycott of grapes (help of Senator R K) supported by … Ams at peak

55
Q

… Schenley Vineyards negotiated fair contract with farm workers & by … Delano grape producers forced to bring pay up to nat min wage

56
Q

California Agricultural Labor Relations Act … gave agricultural unions legal rights

57
Q

by late 80s UFW members only harvested … grapes

58
Q

… Mex Am Political Association (MAPA) created = voter registration & support running for public office -> MAPA President … elected to HofR …

A

1960
Edward Roybal
1962

59
Q

YCCA = …, involved in Chicano blowouts of …

A

Youth Chicanos for Community Action
1968

60
Q

by 1963 … women worked in lower paying & routine jobs or cleaners/hospital attendants

61
Q

early 60s women … teachers only … principals, … doctors & … lawyers

A

80%
10&
7%
3%

62
Q

… states refused to allow female jurors, … = women couldn’t enter financial agreement without male co-signatory

63
Q

Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique … - break out of …

A

1963
‘comfortable concentration camp’

64
Q

… Friedan & others formed Nat Organisation for Women (NOW) - unhappy … refused to enforce …

A

gov’s Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC)
Title VII of 1964 CRA

65
Q

NOW produced Bill of Rights for Women … & gained nat attention in … for flight attendants fight (could e fired for marriage or turning …)

A

1968
1967
32

66
Q

NOW organised nat women’s strike in … = … women

A

1970
~100,000 women

67
Q

J. exec order in … outlawed sexual discrim in companies working for gov

68
Q

NOW fought … discrim cases & won … in back pay by …

A

over 1,000
$13mil
1971

69
Q

Equal Rights Amendment … never ratified

70
Q

N vetoed Child Development Act …, would have been nat system healthcare for poor working mothers

71
Q

1960 … women felt discriminated against, … by …

A

1/4
2/3
1974

72
Q

NY Radical Feminists established by …

A

Shulasmith Firestone

73
Q

Ti-Grace Atkinson left NOW in … to form … in NYC

A

1968
The Feminists

74
Q

NYRW organised protest … women against Miss Am pageant …

A

over 100
1968

75
Q

1963-72 sexual liberation