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A-level History - America > essays: politics > Flashcards

essays: politics Flashcards

1
Q

Medicare = inc. social security taxes by …, killed off in … by … led by …

A

0.25%
1963
House of Ways & Means Committee
Wilbur Mills, s Dem from Arkansas

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2
Q

proposals to create Dep of Urban Affairs repeatedly rejected in Congress …

A

1961-62

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3
Q

… K introduced Civil Rights bill - stuck in Congress at time of death … - had been referred to … = chairman … intended keep bottled up

A

1963
Nov 1963
House Rules Committee
Howard W Smith, Dem

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4
Q

Minimum Wage Act … inc min wage .. to .. but s Dems led by … = in total … workers excluded

A

1961
$1/hr
$1.25/hr
Carl Vinson of Georgia
500,000

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5
Q

(K) ethnic minorities = … Ams below poverty line

A

1/3

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6
Q

Development & Training Act …

A

1962

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7
Q

Area Redevelopment Act … created … new jobs & provided … to aid areas e.g. … but couldn’t get Congress renew funding

A

1961
26,000
$394mil
Appalachia

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8
Q

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring …

A

1962

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9
Q

Clean Air Act …

A

1963

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10
Q

… appointed … Secretary of the Interior, while in post … helped acquire … land for Nat Park Service

A

1961
Stewart Udall
1961-69
3.85mil

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11
Q

first satellite Sputnik … & first man in space …

A

1957
Apr 1961

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12
Q

K famous speech … requesting additional … for space programme over next … & call land man on moon

A

25th May 1961
$7-9bn
5 yrs

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13
Q

within year … & … travelled in space & … first country land men on moon

A

Alan Shepard
Virgil Grisson
June 1969

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14
Q

K took office in depths … major recession since WWII including … & … Ams looking for work

A

4th
business bankruptcies, declining agricultural exports & income
over 5mil

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15
Q

US-backed invasion communist Cuba … - … voters agreed nat security most important issue

A

Apr 1961
63%

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16
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis …

A

1962

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17
Q

Civil Rights Act …

A

1964

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18
Q

Voting Rights Act … - by … … black Ams in Mississippi registered to vote

A

1965
1968
59%

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19
Q

… Charles Evers elected mayor of …

A

1969
Fayette

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20
Q

Fair Housing Act … prohib racial discrim in sale & rental housing, encouraged integrated housing

A

1968

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21
Q

Office of Economic Opportunity: by … … states had antipoverty programmes, … Job Centres established, … adults learning to read & write & … children enrolled on Head Start programme

A

1965
44
53
35,000
nearly 1mil

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22
Q

Elementary & Secondary Education Act …

A

1965

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23
Q

Higher Education Act = helped … poorer students

A

11mil

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24
Q

Demonstration & Model Cities Act … only received …

A

1966
$1.2bn

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25
Q

by … … spent on War on Poverty & … on V War

A

1966
$1.2bn
$22bn

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26
Q

(N) … polls revealed … Ams believed ‘too many people receiving welfare money who should be working’

A

1968
84%

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27
Q

Omnibus Housing Act … financed rent supplements & … worth low & mod income housing in ghettos

A

1965
$8bn

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28
Q

N had … approval rating for trying to reduce gov spending & welfare

A

65%

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29
Q

1972 Dem candidate … liberal & left-wing

A

George McGovern

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30
Q

(N) riots in Watts in LA … & protest at Uni of California …

A

1965
1964-65

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31
Q

assassination MLK … widespread riots … cities

A

1968
over 100

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32
Q

(N) … alone … arrested in Washington DC

A

spring 1970
10,000

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33
Q

J’s failure to repel Tet Offensive …

A

early 1968

34
Q

N … televised address calling for ‘the great silent majority of my fellow Ams’ = poll after … supported V policy

A

(Nov) 1969
77%

35
Q

(N) eve 1972 election Nat Security Adviser … announced …

A

Henry Kissinger
‘peace is at hand’

36
Q

F entered office with approval rating …

A

71%

37
Q

F gave N full pardon only month after resignation -> approval rating instantly dropped to …

A

49%

38
Q

F vetoed … bills in … presidency

A

66
29 month

39
Q

‘Billygate scandal’ = C’s older brother registered as foreign agent & received … ‘loan’ from Libyan gov

A

$220,000

40
Q

by … C had lowest approval rating any president

A

Dec 1977

41
Q

(F) … global oil prices …

A

1973
x4

42
Q

inflation av … 1973-83

A

8.2%

43
Q

(F) unemp … by May 1975

A

8.9%

44
Q

C stimulus package (… to each citizen) & inc spend public works briefy brought unemp down to … but rose to … by … & inflation …

A

$50
7%
10%
1978
13%

45
Q

… V War came to end

A

1975

46
Q

Iranian Hostage crisis … = took … Ams hostage

A

1978
60

47
Q

USSR invaded Afghanistan …

A

Dec 1979

48
Q

only … approved C’s foreign policy

A

38%

49
Q

CREEP = …

A

N’s Committee to Re-elect the President

50
Q

N tried pay burglars … keep quiet, edited tapes before handing over …

A

$430,000
Apr 1974

51
Q

F initially advocated tax inc, few weeks later asked Congress approval … cut, accepted … cut

A

$16bn
$7bn

52
Q

… Nancy R began Just Say No campaign = travelled …, visited … cities in … states

A

1982
250,000 miles
65
33

53
Q

by … … Just Say No clubs founded across US

A

1988
12,000

54
Q

… R ordered fed workplaces ‘drug-free’ & urine testing ‘sensitive jobs’

A

1986

55
Q

Webster vs Reproductive Services of Missouri … denied some women access abortions

A

1989

56
Q

… R appointed Sandra Day O’Connor Sup Court

A

1981

57
Q

following …’s retirement Sup Court in … B nominated …, views on abortion unknown

A

William Brennan
1990
David Souter

58
Q

… Ryan White Care Act … to help AIDS victims & by … ACT-UP got … from Congress for research

A

1990
$220mil
1992
$2bn

59
Q

R reduced inflation to … by 1988

A

4.7%

60
Q

B had to inc taxes - nat debt at …

A

$2.7trillion

61
Q

B lowered interest rates to …

A

3.5%

62
Q

R inc mil spending by … over …

A

$1.6 trillion
5 years

63
Q

… launched strategic defence initiative costing … by …

A

1983
$12bn
1988

64
Q

B intervened in Panama in … against dictator … & liberated Kuwait against Iraqi dictator … by …

A

1989
General Manuel Noriega
Saddam Hussein
Feb 1991

65
Q

(80s) recreational drug use … since 70s, … Ams (…) used illegal substances & … babies born addicted cocaine or heroin

A

tripled
~40mil
1/6
375,000

66
Q

cocaine use by high school students dropped .. …

A

1/3
1986-87

67
Q

(R) … Drug-Free Workplace Act = unis & contractors receiving fed money drug-free

A

1988

68
Q

by … … spent enforcing drug laws per year

A

1990
over $10bn

69
Q

Planned Parenthood vs Casey …

A

1992

70
Q

by 1980 … women over 16 in workforce, by 1990 …

A

52%
57.8%

71
Q

female share professional jobs inc … to … & … to … in managerial roles 1972-…

A

44%
49%
20%
36%
1985

72
Q

… Dem Party platform supported equality for all & … Dem pres candidate … & running mate … seen as most pro-gap & pro-lesbian ticket

A

1980
1992
Bill Clinton
Al Gore

73
Q

… ACT UP followed first gay pride NYC demonstration demand equal rights & more AIDS research

A

1987

74
Q

… R attempted nominate … as Sup Court judge = outspoken con, rejected

A

1987
Robert Bork

75
Q

… election … challenged B for nomination

A

1992
Pat Buchanan

76
Q

… R set up Presidential Advisory Committee on Federalism & Coordinating Task Force on Federalism

A

1981

77
Q

… State of the Union message R announced plan reduce fed spending

A

1982

78
Q

… B persuaded Congress pass Clean Air Act & … Energy Policy Act

A

1990
1992

79
Q

… B inc income tax & cut fed spending

A

1992

80
Q

… N attempted to introduce Family Assistance Plan - would cut parent’s income support if refused to work & limit welfare recipients to … annually - failed pass but … approval rating

A

1969
$1,600
65%

81
Q

(R) social spending fell by average rate …, cut staff regulatory agencies …, oversaw rapid recovery from … recession

A

1.5%
1986
1981-82

82
Q

N won landslide 1972 election against 3A’s candidate … - … more votes & … states

A

George McGovern
18mil
49/50

A-level History - America (10 decks)

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