Thought disorders Flashcards by Yaz Bassi

dendrites

receives messages from other cells

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the axon

transmits electrical signals from the cell body to other cells (dendrites)

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What are delusions

a fixed, false belief.

False meaning it is not true, fixed meaning once you are aware of your belief being false, it does not change.

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What is grandiose

Very similar to mania, believing you are the best person ever

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what is thought withdrawal

believing others are taking the thoughts out of your mind

These people will be careful what they think

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what is thought insertion

Others placing thoughts in your head against your will

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what is thought broadcasting

The general thought that people can read or hear your thoughts

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What is ideas of reference

delusional thinking where a person believes that ordinary events, objects, behaviors, or comments of others are directly related to them, even though there’s no real connectio

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What are anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behavious that reduce anxiety.

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What does schizophrenia usually surface for men? and women?

men: early mid-20s
women: late 20s

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What is schizophrenia spectrum disorder characterized by?

disorganized thinking, emotions and behaviors that are often incongruent with their situation and disturbed perceptions including delusions and hallucinations

loss of relality

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7 characteristics of schizophrenia

loss of contact with reality
psychotic symptoms
disorganized thinking and speech
breakdown in selective attentions
delusions
narrative of persecution and paranoia
perceptual disturbances and hallunications
disorganized, abnormal, incongruent behaviour and emotions

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What is meant by “positive symptoms” when considering pyschotic symptoms

add something to the experience of the patient (ex, hallucinations, inappropiate laughter or tears, delusions)

symptoms that are present but should be absent

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What is meant by “negative symptoms” when considering pyschotic symptoms

subtract from normal behavior like reduced ability to function, neglect of personal hygeine, lack of emotional, toneless voice, withdrawal

symptoms that should be absent but are present :(

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What is meant by “disorganized symptoms” when considering pyschotic symptoms

jubbles of thought or speech that could include word salad and other problems with attention and organization

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What is the diathesis-stress model

combination of biological and genetic vulnerabilities (diathesis) and environmental stressors (stress) that both contribute to the onset of schizophrenia

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What is dissociative disorder

disorders which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memores, thoughts an feelings

What is dissociative amnesia

When a person block out specific information or have no memory of a particular event

What is dissociative fugue

During which a person may suddenly just set out on a journey for hours or months and travel with no awareness of their identity

What is dissociative identity disorder or (DID)

When a person exhibits more than one distinct and alternating personality

What is a bizarre delusion vs a non-bizarre delusion

bizzare delusion: beliefs that are not possible for example aliens are taking over your organs.
non-bizzare delusions: may be unlikely but are are possible.

context matters

What is tangential speech

disorganized thought pattern where a person responds to a question or topic by going off-topic and never returning to the original point.

What are hallucinations

hallunications are rooted in our senses inwhich a person experiences something that is not actrually real

What positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia harder to treat

negative

'what is schizophrenia

characterized by disruptions in thinking, perception, emotions, and social interactions.

How long do symptoms need to last to be consider schizophrenia

atleast 6 months

What neurotransmitter is linked to positive schizophrenia symptoms

norepinephrine

Positive symptoms are associated with a) abnormalities.

a) temporal lobe

Negative symptoms are associated with a) abnormalities.

a) frontal cortex and ventricular

what is anhedonia

Anhedonia is a diminished capacity to feel pleasure.

what is apathy

Apathy is a lack of interest in people, things, and activities.

What are characteristics of the prodromal phase of schizophrenia

- occurs before hospitalization (or within year) - clear decline from previous level of functioning - withdraw from others, hobbies and may exhibit peculiar behavior. | most important in gaining info on the disorder

what characteristizes the active phase of schizoprenia

- triggered by stressful event - acute psychotic symptoms - prognosis worsens with each acute episode | actively displaying psychosis

'what is characterized by the residual phase of schizophrenia

This is at this point in which the illness pattern is established, the disability level may be stabilized, and late improvements may occur. | no longer a crisis, pt is functioning

What are the five subtypes of schizophrenia

paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated and residual

How long must psychotic symptoms be present before first medical treatment can start

12-24 months

what is thought blocking

sudden interruption in the flow of thinking, often experienced as a "blank" mind. The person may abruptly stop speaking mid-sentence and be unable to continue the thought or explain why.

Ambilviant:

you believe in two contrary beliefs at the same time

what is loose associations

is a disorganized thought process in which a person's ideas shift from one topic to another in a way that is illogical or hard to follow. The connections between their thoughts are either very weak or completely absent.

What biochemicals are linked to the etiology of schizophrenia

dopamine and serotonin

What is the cause (etiology) of schizophrenia

**unknown cause with no predictive ability at this time. ** Strong belief that multiple genes are involved and suggestion that environmental conditions play a role.

DSM-5 diagnositc criteria for schizophrenia

A) must have 2 or more for a significant portion of time during a one month period. 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour 5. Negative symptoms MUST HAVE ATLEAST 1,2,3 B) lvl of functioning is marked below level achieved prior to onset. C) continous signs of disturbance persist for atleast 6 months with atleast 1 month that meets criteria A