Addiction Flashcards
What is addiction or dependence?
compulsive, exessive and difficult to control substance abuse or other, initally pleasurable behaviour that begins to interfere with ordinary life, work, health, or relationships.
What is Physical dependence
a phyiological need for a drug that reveals itself through unpleasant withdrawal symptoms if the use stops or reduces
Psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, or complete an activity to relieve negative emotions.
What is addiction often second too?
How a person deals with stress and difficult emotion
dual diagnosis method
Using integrated treatment to address both MH and SU disorders/conditions together, rather than treating them separately
What are common misconceptions of addiction
- addiction originated in the substance.
- addiction is a choice
- Addiction is a brain disease
What is the limbic system
The brains reward center, it controls our emotional behavioural responses to the information we receive
What is GABA’s job and is it inhibitory or exitatory
GABA is inhibitory and its job is to slow or shut down neuro impulses
Are most neurotransmitters in MH excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
what is the main neurotransmitter involved in addiction/MH
dopamine
Reward, pleasure, reinforcement
What do endorphins do in the body
natural painkillers and mood boosters made by your body
What does serotonin do
Mood regulation, impulse control
What does norepinephrine do
Stress, alertness, withdrawal symptoms
what is a hypofunction reward system
brain’s reward system is underactive or less responsive to natural rewards (like food, social interaction, or success).
Dopamine threshold is raised because you can not keep dumping out so much dopamine without burning out limbic system
How does this interact with your brain
Methamphetamines:
stops reabsorption of dopamine and norepinephrine
How does this interact with your brain
Alcohol:
binds to receptors for acetylcholine and serotonin
How does this interact with your brain
Nicotine:
mimics acetylcholine which releases large amounts of dopamine; glutamate and GABA also involved.
How does this interact with your brain
Heroin and Opioids:
similar structure to Endorphines
What was believed about drug addiction before rat park
put blame on drugs not on the environment. Rat park showed that drug addiciton was more than just the drugs and is related to our social needs and need for saftey and contentment.
nursing considerations when dealing with addiciton
- build trust
- do not express judgement
- focus on ways to help the pt work through the pain through acitivites that validate who they are and what they can do.
(validation therapy, motivational interviewing, cognitive behaviours therapy, Peer support, TIP)
what are the steps in the stages of change model
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- determination
- action
(relapse) - maintence
you can exit or re-enter at any stage. And relapse is part of the process.
