Thorax Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics, Extrinsic Muscles

Question 1

The cranial scapular angle lines up with what?

Answer 1

The spinous process of T1

Question 2

The caudal scapular angle lines up with what?

Answer 2

The bodies of T4-5

Question 3

The shoulder joint lines up with what?

Answer 3

The ventral end of the first rib

Question 4

The olecranon lines up with what?

Answer 4

Thet ventral end of the fifth intercostal space

Question 5

Muscles of the thoracic wall aid in what?

Answer 5

Respiration

Question 6

Fibers of muscles that aid In ______ run caudoventrally. Which direction do they turn the ribs?

Answer 6

Inspiration

-Turn the ribs outward and forward

Question 7

Fibers of muscles that aid in ____ run cranioventrally. What direction do they turn the ribs?

Answer 7

• Expiration

- Inward and backward

Question 8

Fibers of the scalenus muscle run ____. This muscle aids in ___.

Answer 8

• Caudoventrally

- Inspiration

Question 9

What are the two parts of the serratus ventral?

Answer 9

1. Cervicis

2. Thoracis

Question 10

What are the two parts of the serratus dorsals? What direction to the fibers run for each part and do they aid in inspiration or expiration?

Answer 10

1. Cranialis: Fibers run caudoventrally, inspiration

2. Caudal: Fibers run cranioventrally, expiration

Question 11

What direction do the fibers the external intercostal muscles run and what part of respiration do they aid in? What muscle is deep to the external intercostal muscles? What direction do the fibers of this muscle run and what part of respiration do they aid in?

Answer 11

• Caudoventrally
• Inspiration
• Internal Intercostal muscles
• Cranioventrally
• Expiration

Question 12

Fibers of the rectus thoracis run ____. This muscle aids in _____.

Answer 12

• Caudoventrally

- Inspiration

Question 13

The Transversus thoracis muscle aids in _____ (inspiration/expiration)

Answer 13

Expiration

Question 14

Branches of what nerves innervate the thoracic wall? What are the branches?

Answer 14

• Thoracic spinal
  1. Dorsal Branch: Lateral cutaneous branch
  2. Ventral Branch: Intercostal Nerves with lateral and ventral cutaneous branches

Question 15

The intercostal nerve runs ______ to ribs with intercostal arteries and veins.

Answer 15

Caudomedial

Question 16

What are the three arterial supply sources of the thoracic wall?

Answer 16

1. Dorsal Aorta
2. Costocervical trunk
3. Internal Thoracic Artery

Question 17

What makes up the dorsal arterial supply? These give off branches called the _____ ______ arteries.

Answer 17

1. Dorsal Aorta
2. Costocervical trunk
   - Dorsal Intercostal arteries

Question 18

What composes the ventral arterial supply and what branches come off of this?

Answer 18

• Internal Thoracic Artery

- Ventral intercostal arteries

Question 19

Venous return from the thoracic wall occurs in ____ veins. Dorsally on the right side, these veins drain into the ____ vein, and on the left side, the ____ vein. Ventrally these veins drain into the ____ ____ vein.

Answer 19

• Intercostal veins
• Azygos
• Hemiazygos
• Internal thoracic

Question 20

How do intercostal nerves and vessels run along the rib?

Answer 20

Caudomedial to the rib

Question 21

The thymus is ____ and located in the _____ _____. What happens to it with age at puberty?

Answer 21

• Bilobed
• Cranial mediastinum
• It begins to involute/atrophy

Question 22

Where are tracheobronchial lymph nodes located and what do they drain?

Answer 22

• Located at the bifurcation of the trachea and farther out on the bronchi
• Drain the lungs

Question 23

Where are the mediastinal lymph nodes located and what do they drain?

Answer 23

• Located on the mediastinum and large vessels at the base of the heart
• Drain structures in the mediastinum and tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 24

The thoracic duct is located between the ____ ___ and ____. It runs ____ on the right side, ____ to the aorta, and ____ to the ____ vein. At ___, it crosses to the left. It empties into the _____ _____.

Answer 24

• Azygos vein
• Aorta
• Cranially
• Dorsal
• Ventral
• Azygos
• T5
• Brachiocephalic vein

Question 25

The ____ ____ is a dilated structure that receives lymph drainage from the abdominal and pelvic viscera, and pelvic limb, continues cranially in the sub lumbar region between the crura of the diaphragm as the thoracic duct.

Answer 25

-Cisterna chyli

Question 26

The ____ _____ is the areolar tissue that attaches the muscles, ligaments, and bones to the underlying costal and diaphragmatic pleurae.

Answer 26

Endothoracic Fascia

Question 27

What are the two kinds of pleura?

Answer 27

1. Parietal pleura

2. Pulmonary (visceral) pleura

Question 28

What distinguishes parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 28

Parietal relates to the wall of a cavity or hollow organ, while visceral relates to a visceral organ

Question 29

____ pleura forms the walls of the pleural cavities. What is its three parts?

Answer 29

• Parietal
  1. Costal pleura
  2. Mediastinal pleura
  3. Diaphragmatic pleura

Question 30

_____ is an active process that moves air into the lungs. It is accomplished by increasing the _____ of the thoracic cavity which drops _____ ____ below ____ ____. Air is drawn into the lungs because of the _____ _____ created within the pleural cavity

Answer 30

• Inspiration
• Volume
• intrapulmonary pressure
• atmospheric pressure
• negative pressure

Question 31

The ____ ____ is the cranial extent of the parietal pleura in the pleural cavity extending through the thoracic inlet. It can be mistakenly opened during caudal neck surgery or neck injury and cause ____.

Answer 31

• Cupula pleura

- Pneumothorax

Question 32

_____ is tapping into the costodiaphragmatic recess at the 6th, 7th, and 8th intercostal spaces, ventral to the constochondral junction.

Answer 32

-Thoracocentesis

Question 33

The mediastinum has fenestrations in what species?

Answer 33

The dog, horse, and sheep