Thorax Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics, Extrinsic Muscles Flashcards
The cranial scapular angle lines up with what?
The spinous process of T1
The caudal scapular angle lines up with what?
The bodies of T4-5
The shoulder joint lines up with what?
The ventral end of the first rib
The olecranon lines up with what?
Thet ventral end of the fifth intercostal space
Muscles of the thoracic wall aid in what?
Respiration
Fibers of muscles that aid In ______ run caudoventrally. Which direction do they turn the ribs?
Inspiration
-Turn the ribs outward and forward
Fibers of muscles that aid in ____ run cranioventrally. What direction do they turn the ribs?
- Expiration
- Inward and backward
Fibers of the scalenus muscle run ____. This muscle aids in ___.
- Caudoventrally
- Inspiration
What are the two parts of the serratus ventral?
- Cervicis
2. Thoracis
What are the two parts of the serratus dorsals? What direction to the fibers run for each part and do they aid in inspiration or expiration?
- Cranialis: Fibers run caudoventrally, inspiration
2. Caudal: Fibers run cranioventrally, expiration
What direction do the fibers the external intercostal muscles run and what part of respiration do they aid in? What muscle is deep to the external intercostal muscles? What direction do the fibers of this muscle run and what part of respiration do they aid in?
- Caudoventrally
- Inspiration
- Internal Intercostal muscles
- Cranioventrally
- Expiration
Fibers of the rectus thoracis run ____. This muscle aids in _____.
- Caudoventrally
- Inspiration
The Transversus thoracis muscle aids in _____ (inspiration/expiration)
Expiration
Branches of what nerves innervate the thoracic wall? What are the branches?
- Thoracic spinal
1. Dorsal Branch: Lateral cutaneous branch
2. Ventral Branch: Intercostal Nerves with lateral and ventral cutaneous branches
The intercostal nerve runs ______ to ribs with intercostal arteries and veins.
Caudomedial
What are the three arterial supply sources of the thoracic wall?
- Dorsal Aorta
- Costocervical trunk
- Internal Thoracic Artery
What makes up the dorsal arterial supply? These give off branches called the _____ ______ arteries.
- Dorsal Aorta
- Costocervical trunk
- Dorsal Intercostal arteries
What composes the ventral arterial supply and what branches come off of this?
- Internal Thoracic Artery
- Ventral intercostal arteries
Venous return from the thoracic wall occurs in ____ veins. Dorsally on the right side, these veins drain into the ____ vein, and on the left side, the ____ vein. Ventrally these veins drain into the ____ ____ vein.
- Intercostal veins
- Azygos
- Hemiazygos
- Internal thoracic
How do intercostal nerves and vessels run along the rib?
Caudomedial to the rib
The thymus is ____ and located in the _____ _____. What happens to it with age at puberty?
- Bilobed
- Cranial mediastinum
- It begins to involute/atrophy
Where are tracheobronchial lymph nodes located and what do they drain?
- Located at the bifurcation of the trachea and farther out on the bronchi
- Drain the lungs
Where are the mediastinal lymph nodes located and what do they drain?
- Located on the mediastinum and large vessels at the base of the heart
- Drain structures in the mediastinum and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
The thoracic duct is located between the ____ ___ and ____. It runs ____ on the right side, ____ to the aorta, and ____ to the ____ vein. At ___, it crosses to the left. It empties into the _____ _____.
- Azygos vein
- Aorta
- Cranially
- Dorsal
- Ventral
- Azygos
- T5
- Brachiocephalic vein
The ____ ____ is a dilated structure that receives lymph drainage from the abdominal and pelvic viscera, and pelvic limb, continues cranially in the sub lumbar region between the crura of the diaphragm as the thoracic duct.
-Cisterna chyli
The ____ _____ is the areolar tissue that attaches the muscles, ligaments, and bones to the underlying costal and diaphragmatic pleurae.
Endothoracic Fascia
What are the two kinds of pleura?
- Parietal pleura
2. Pulmonary (visceral) pleura
What distinguishes parietal and visceral pleura?
Parietal relates to the wall of a cavity or hollow organ, while visceral relates to a visceral organ
____ pleura forms the walls of the pleural cavities. What is its three parts?
- Parietal
1. Costal pleura
2. Mediastinal pleura
3. Diaphragmatic pleura
_____ is an active process that moves air into the lungs. It is accomplished by increasing the _____ of the thoracic cavity which drops _____ ____ below ____ ____. Air is drawn into the lungs because of the _____ _____ created within the pleural cavity
- Inspiration
- Volume
- intrapulmonary pressure
- atmospheric pressure
- negative pressure
The ____ ____ is the cranial extent of the parietal pleura in the pleural cavity extending through the thoracic inlet. It can be mistakenly opened during caudal neck surgery or neck injury and cause ____.
- Cupula pleura
- Pneumothorax
_____ is tapping into the costodiaphragmatic recess at the 6th, 7th, and 8th intercostal spaces, ventral to the constochondral junction.
-Thoracocentesis
The mediastinum has fenestrations in what species?
The dog, horse, and sheep
