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Anatomy 1 > Thoracic Limb Vessels, Lymphatics, and Joints > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Vessels, Lymphatics, and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The arteries, capillaries, and veins form a continuous system lined by an unbroken high friction endothelium.

A

False, low friction

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2
Q

The morphological differences between the different types of vessels are a result of what?

A

Their functional requirements

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3
Q

_____ are found to have a thick white wall and seem relatively rigid. They are _____ holders.

A
  • Arteries

- Pressure

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4
Q

_____ carry typically oxygenated blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

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5
Q

_____ are inter arterial connections that provide an alternate pathway for blood to an area of the body if a more direct route becomes blocked.

A

Anastomoses

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6
Q

_____ are thin walled, frequently have a collapsed appearance, and are ____ holders.

A
  • Veins

- Volume

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7
Q

What ensures unidirectional blood flow in a vein?

A

Valves present in repeated intervals

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8
Q

What is the order of the three arteries of the thoracic limb?

A
  1. Axillary Artery
  2. Brachial Artery
  3. Median Artery
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9
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery

A
  • Subscapular artery: Thoracodorsal artery and caudal circumflex humeral artery
  • Cranial circumflex humeral artery
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10
Q

The _____ ____ ____ artery dives and wraps around the caudal aspect of the proximal humerus. The _____ _____ ____ artery wraps around the cranial aspect of the proximal humerus.

A
  • Caudal Circumflex humeral

- Cranial circumflex humeral

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11
Q

What does the cranial circumflex humeral artery anastomose to?

A

The caudal circumflex humeral artery

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12
Q

At what point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

After the cranial cranial circumflex humeral

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13
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

A
  1. Deep brachial artery
  2. Superficial brachial artery
  3. Transverse cubital artery
  4. Common interosseous artery
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14
Q

The Brachial artery becomes _____ artery after the common interosseous muscle.

A

Median

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15
Q

The median artery gives rise to the _____ artery, which courses deep to the flexor carpi radialis muscle to the deep structures of the forepaw.

A

Radial artery

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16
Q

True or False: Arteries change names based on topography rather than branching patterns.

A

False, Veins change names based on topography rather than branching patterns.

17
Q

From proximal to distal, name the veins.

A
  1. Axillary
  2. Brachial
  3. Median
  4. Cephalic
  5. Accessory Cephalic
18
Q

What are the two components of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. A system of vessels composed of lymphatic capillaries and larger vessels that return interstitial fluid to the blood stream
  2. Widely scattered aggregations of lymph tissue, including lymph nodes
19
Q

Which lymph node matches the description: Deep face of the omotransversarius muscle, drains the skin of the caudal part of the head, lateral surface of the neck, and thoracic limb?

A

Superficial cervical lymph node

20
Q

What does the superficial cervical lymph node drain?

A

Skin of the caudal part of the head, lateral surface of the neck, and thoracic limb

21
Q

Where is the axillary lymph node found and what does it drain?

A
  • Medial side of the shoulder in the axillary space

- Drains deep structures of the thoracic limb, thoracic wall, and the first three pairs of mammary glands

22
Q

The _____ _____ lymph node is found with the axillary lymph node, is inconsistent, and drains the same area as the axillary lymph node.

A

Accessory axillary

23
Q

_____ are formed when two or more bones are united by fibrous, elastic, or cartilaginous tissue, or by a combination of these tissues.

A

Joints

24
Q

A _____ joint is one that contains a considerable amount of intervening connective tissue with limited movement. Give an example.

A
  • Fibrous

- Sutures between the various skull bones

25
Q

_____ joints are those that form by the union of some type of cartilage. Give an example.

A
  • Cartilaginous

- Found between the vertebrae

26
Q

_______ joints are the true joints of the extremities. They provide the greatest degree of movement.

A

Synovial

27
Q

Which joints have the most clinical issues with dislocation?

A

Synovial

28
Q

What are the four components of all synovial joints?

A
  1. Joint Cavity
  2. Joint capsules with an outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane
  3. Synovial Fluid
  4. Articular cartilage
29
Q

What is responsible for the production of synovial fluid?

A

The inner synovial membrane of the joint capsule

30
Q

What lubricates the contact surfaces of synovial joints?

A

Synovial fluid

31
Q

The articular cartilage is thicker in which joints?

A

Those that bear the most weight

32
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and where is it located?

A
  • Ball and socket

- Between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

33
Q

True or False: Luxation of the glenohumeral joint is common.

A

False, it is rare because the muscles associated with the joint are stabilizers

34
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Medial glenohumeral ligament

- Lateral glenohumeral ligament

35
Q

What kind of movement is the glenohumeral joint capable of?

A

-Movement in any direction, but chief movements are extension and flexion of the shoulder

36
Q

The cubital (elbow) joint is what kind of joint? Why is it called a compound joint? What movements is it involved in?

A
  • Hinge type
  • The condyle of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius and trochlear notch of the ulna
  • Only involved in flexion and extension
37
Q

What are the two ligaments of the cubital joint?

A
  1. Collateral ligaments (lateral collateral ligament and medial collateral ligament)
  2. Interosseous ligament
38
Q

The _____ ligament is the collagenous tissue uniting the radius and ulna proximally.

A

Interosseus

39
Q

Why is lunation of the elbow uncommon in the dog?

A

The anconeal process of the ulna projects into the olecranon fossa of the humerus

Anatomy 1 (11 decks)

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