Thorax greater vessels and nerves Flashcards
What are the three parts of the aorta?
1: ascending aorta
2: aortic arch
3: descending aorta
The ascending aorta has two branches. What are they and what do they do?
1: left coronary artery
2: Right coronary artery
Provide blood supply to the heart
What are the two branches of the aortic arch?
1: Brachiocephalic trunk
2: Left subclavian artery
What are the three branches of the brachiocephalic trunk? What do they supply blood to?
-Left common carotid artery
-Right common carotid artery
These supply blood to the head, face, and brane
-Right subclavian artery
Supplies blood to the neck, thoracic limb, and cranial portion of the thoracic wall
What are the four branches of the right and left subclavian arteries? After the last branch, what does it continue as?
1: vertebral artery
2: Superficial cervical artery
3: Costocervical trunk
4: Internal thoracic
- Axillary artery
The vertebral artery ascends in the ____ ____ of the __-__ cervical vertebrae. It supplies blood to the ____ muscles and ___ ____.
- Cervical muscles
- Spinal cord
The costocervical trunk bifurcates into two arteries. What are they? What does each supply?
- Deep cervical artery supplying the 1-3 dorsal intercostal arteries
- Dorsal scapular artery
Both supply the 1-3 intercostal spaces, muscles at the base of the neck, muscles dorsal to the first few thoracic vertebrae
The internal thoracic artery gives off ____ ____ arteries. What does this supply blood to?
- Ventral intercostal arteries
- ventral structures of the intercostal spaces
The ____ arterial supply is from the internal thoracic artery.
-Ventral
The _____ _____ artery supplies the base of the neck and scapular region with blood.
Superficial cervical
The ____ artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery after its last branch which I the superficial cervical artery. This artery supplies the ___ ___.
- Axillary
- Thoracic limb
What does the descending aorta branch into?
1: Dorsal intercostal arteries
2: bronchoesophageal artery
The bronchoesophageal artery branches from what?
The right and left 5th intercostal arteries.
What are the three sources of arterial supply to the thoracic wall?
- Dorsal aorta
- Costocervical trunk
- Internal thoracic artery
The ligaments arteriosum is between the ____ ____ and ____. It is a ____ connection. It is remnant of the fetal ____ _____.
- pulmonary trunk
- aorta
- Ductus arteriosus
What did the fetal ductus arteriosus do? What is the clinical relevance of the ligaments arteriosum?
- It shunted blood away from the lungs and closed at one week of age
- Patent ductus arteriosus is failure of the ductus arteriosus to close
What veins return blood to the heart?
- Caudal vena cava
- Cranial vena cava
- Azygos vein
Where does the caudal vena cava receive blood from?
The abdomen, pelvis, and pelvic limb
Where does the azygos vein receive blood from?
Dorsal intercostal veins
Where does the cranial vena cava receive blood from?
-Costocervical veins, internal thoracic vein, and the right and left brachiocephalic veins
Where do the right and left brachiocephalic veins receive blood from?
Subclavian veins, internal jugular vein, external jugular vein
What comprises the blood supply to the heart?
Left and right coronary arteries
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery? Where are they located?
- Circumflex branch- in coronary groove, caudal to the coronary sinus
- Paraconal interventricular branch- in paraconal groove
What does the right coronary artery supply?
The bulk of the right ventricle, right auricle, and a small part of the right atrium
What are the veins of the heart?
- coronary sinus
2. Great cardiac vein
The coronary sinus is a ___ of the heart. It is located in the ____ ____, and is a dilated terminal end of the ____ ____ vein. It is ventral to the ____ ____ _____ and dorsal to the _____ _____.
- Vein
- Coronary groove
- Great cardiac
- caudal vena cava
- circumflex branch
What are the two parts of the nervous system and what structures are in each?
- Central Nervous system: brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system : cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Nerves of the thoracic wall innervate what?
Skeletal muscle
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
1: sympathetic division or thoracolumbar portion
2. Parasympathetic division or craniosacral portion
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system uses _____ as a neurotransmitter. What is its purpose/function? What response is it a part of?
- Norepinephrine
- Associated with conditions of stress
- Fight or flight response
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system functions in what? What are the six structures that make it up?
- Homeostasis
1. Sympathetic trunk and ganglion
2. cervicothoracic ganglion
3. Vertebral nerve
4. Middle cervical ganglion
5. Ansa succlavia
6. Cardiac nerves
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system uses ____ as a neurotransmitter.
-acetylcholine
What are the four cranial nerves that make up the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
- Oculomoter nerve
- Facial nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Vagus nerve
What are the six non-cranial nerves that make up the parasympathetic division of the nervous system
- Vagus nerve
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- Vagosympathetic trunk
- Dorsal vagal trunk
- Ventral vagal trunk
- cardiac nerves
The ____ _____ is part of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
vagosympathetic trunk
The vagus nerve splits into what? What do these create?
- dorsal and ventral branches
- Dorsal vagal trunk arises from the right and left dorsal branches
- Ventral vagal trunk arises from left and right ventral branches
