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Anatomy 1 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ is the muscular pump of the cardiovascular system. It weighs about ___% of the body weight.

A
  • Heart

- 1

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2
Q

What is the hearts location?

A

-In the middle mediastinum between the lungs within the thoracic cavity
-Approximately 3rd-6th ribs
Lies a little left of midline

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3
Q

The base of the heart points ______, while the apex, made of the ____ ventricle, points ______.

A
  • Cranioventrally
  • Left
  • Caudoventrally
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4
Q

The heart is enclosed by the ____ or heart sac. It is situated in a closed space called the ______ _____.

A
  • Pericardium

- Pericardial cavity

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5
Q

The pericardium is the ____ envelope of the heart. What are its three components?

A
  • Fibroserous
    1. Pericardial mediastinal pleura
    2. Fibrous pericardium
    3. Serous pericardium
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6
Q

The outer layer of the pericardium, the fibrous pericardium, has two ligaments that anchor the apex of the heart. What are they?

A
  • Phrenicopericardial ligament: connects fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm
  • Sternopericardiac ligament: connects fibrous pericardium to the sternum
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7
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium, the inner layer of pericardium?

A
  1. Parietal serous pericardium: adheres to fibrous pericardium
  2. Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium): adheres to the heart
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8
Q

There is ____ between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium which contains a small amount of pericardial ____.

A
  • Space

- Fluid

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9
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left atria and right and left ventricles

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10
Q

From the _____ surface of the heart the right and left auricles can be seen, and from the _____ surface of the heart the right and left _____ can be seen.

A
  • auricular

- atrial

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11
Q

_____ ____ are superficial separation of the left and right ventricles. From the left side of the heart, the ______ ____ _____ can be seen, and from the right side the ______ _____ _____ can be seen.

A
  • Interventricular grooves
  • Paraconal interventricular groove
  • Subsinuosal interventricular groove
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12
Q

The _____ groove is superficial separation of the atria and ventricles.

A

Coronary

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13
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A
  1. Epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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14
Q

What is unique about the myocardium in the left ventricle?

A

It is 3-4 times thicker than the right ventricle

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15
Q

The right atrium and right ventricle receive (deoxygenated/oxygenated), (venous/arterial) blood.

A
  • Deoxygenated

- Venous

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16
Q

The left atrium and left ventricle receive (deoxygenated/oxygenated), (venous/arterial) blood.

A
  • Oxygenated

- Arterial

17
Q

What kind of blood does the right atrium receive? What are its two parts

A
  • Systemic venous blood and most of the heart blood

- Atria proper and the right auricle

18
Q

There are two parts of the sinus venarum. The ___ ____ is a ridge between the cranial and caudal vena cava openings that diverts blood toward the right ventricle. The _____ ______ is a depression caudal to the intravenous tubercle. It is called the ____ ____ in the fetus.

A
  • Intravenous tubercle
  • Fossa ovalis
  • Foramen ovale
19
Q

The ____ ____ is an opening that allows blood to pass from the right to left atrium and closes shortly after birth to become the fossa ovalis.

A

Foramen ovale

20
Q

The right auricle has two structures. What are they?

A
  • Pectinate muscles

- Crista terminalis

21
Q

The ____ ____ is at the entrance of the auricle where the pectinate muscles radiate. It is the location of the ____ _____, the pacemaker of the heart.

A
  • Crista terminalis

- Sinoatrial node

22
Q

What are the five sources from which the heart receives blood? Which can be seen inside the right atrium?

A
  1. Caudal vena cava
  2. Cranial vena cava
  3. Azygos vein
  4. Coronary sinus (right atrium)
  5. Small cardiac veins (right atrium)
23
Q

The right ventricle receives blood from the ____ ____ and ejects blood out the ____ ____. From this structure, blood travels via left and right _____ ____ to the ____.

A
  • Right atrium
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • pulmonary arteries
  • lungs
24
Q

How many papillary muscles are found in the right ventricle? Attached to papillary muscles are the ____ ____, which attach the _____ ____ to the papillary muscles.

A
  • 3
  • Cordae tendineae
  • atrioventricular valve
25
Q

The ____ ___ is the muscle of the ventricular wall. The _____ ____ is the strand of muscle that connects the septal and parietal walls located in both ventricles. It is also called the _____ ____. What does it do?

A
  • Trabeculae carnae
  • trabecula septomarginalis
  • Moderator band
  • Allows nerve bundles to pass to the parietal wall for simultaneous contraction of the heart walls
26
Q

Where is the valve of the foramen ovale found? What is this structure?

A
  • Left atrium
  • It is a fold of tissue in the cranial part of the septal wall that is the remnant of fetal blood flow from the right to left atrium
27
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the ____ via what veins?

A
  • Lungs

- 5-6 pulmonary veins

28
Q

The left ventricle receives blood from the ____ ____, ejects blood out the ____ to the ____.

A
  • Left atrium
  • aorta
  • body
29
Q

True or False: The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle

A

True

30
Q

The fibrous base of the heart has a ____ ____.

A

Cardiac skeleton

31
Q

What are the four valves of the heart? What are the two broad categories?

A
  1. Two atrioventricular valves: left and right

2. Two semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonary

32
Q

What are the two cusps of the left and right atrioventricular valves?

A

Septal cusp and parietal cusp

33
Q

True or False: The atrioventricular valves are tricuspid valves.

A

False, both are bicuspid

34
Q

Each of the semilunar valves have ____ cusp(s) and each cusp has a ____ at its free edge.

A
  • 3

- nodule

35
Q

What are the three cusps of each the aortic valve and pulmonary valve?

A
  • Aortic: left semilunar cusp, right semilunar cusp, septal (dorsal) semilunar cusp
  • Pulmonary: left semilunar cusp, right semilunar cusp, intermediate (ventral) cusp
36
Q

The ____ ____is the optimal point for auscultation of the heart valves. What are the points of listening within this area?

A
  • Puncta Maxima
  • Left Side: P.A.M.: pulmonary valve (low 3rd intercostal space), Aortic valve (High 4th intercostal space), Mitral valve (left AV)(low 5th intercostal space)
  • Right Side: Right AV valve (low 3rd or 4th intercostal space)
37
Q

During auscultation of the heart, what is happening when the Lub and dub sounds are heard?

A

Lub: closure of the right and left AV valves
Dub: closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

38
Q

What are the three structures of the heart conducting system? Where is each found?

A
  1. Sinoatrial node: crista terminalis of the right auricle
  2. Atrioventricular node: craniodorsal to the septal cusp of the right AV valve
  3. Atrioventricular bundles: At the interventricular wall. They pass through the septomarginalis to the parietal wall
39
Q

The atrioventricular bundles are largely composed of _____ _____.

A

Purkinje fibers

Anatomy 1 (11 decks)

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