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Anatomy Exam 2 > Thorax-mediastinum and heart > Flashcards

Thorax-mediastinum and heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart has two muscular pumps

A

pulmonary and systemic circulation

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation is between

A

the heart and lungs

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3
Q

Systemic circulation is between

A

heart and rest of body

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4
Q

Within pulmonary capillaries Co2 diffuses from ___ to ___

A

blood to air

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5
Q

Within pulmonary capillaries, O2 diffuses from ___ to ___

A

air to blood

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6
Q

Within systemic capillaries Co2 diffuses from ___ to __

A

body tissues to blood

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7
Q

Within systemic capillaries O2 diffuses from __ to __

A

blood to body tissues

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8
Q

The visceral pericardium is made of epithelial tissue producing pericardial fluid, loose connective tissue, and fat, and is called the

A

epicardium

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9
Q

The actual muscle of the heart is

A

myocardium

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10
Q

The internal lining of the ventricles and atria is epithelial tissue called

A

endocardium

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11
Q

The groove between the ventricles on the anterior side of the heart is called

A

anterior interventricular sulcus

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12
Q

The groove between the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart is called

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

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13
Q

The groove all the way around the heart, between atria and ventricles

A

coronary sulcus

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14
Q

All of the LA can been seen on the ___ side of the heart

A

posterior

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15
Q

The area where the LV and RV meet is called the

A

apex

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16
Q

The LA and part of the RA makes up the

A

base of the heart

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17
Q

The ___ and __ drain into the RA

A

IVC SVC

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18
Q

The azygos vein drains into the

A

SVC

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19
Q

The RV goes into the

A

pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

The pulmonary trunk divides into the

A

2 pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry ___ blood

A

deoxygenated

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22
Q

The pulmonary arteries go into the ___

A

lungs

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23
Q

The LV goes into the

A

aorta

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24
Q

The ascending aorta then becomes the

A

aortic arch

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25
Q

The aortic arch becomes the

A

descending thoracic aorta

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26
Q

There are ___ pulmonary veins that drain into the ___

A

4, LA

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27
Q

The pulmonary veins have ___ blood; there are two on the right and two on the left

A

oxygenated; R superior and inferior, L superior and inferior

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28
Q

The branch of the vagus nerve that runs behind the arch of aorta on the L side

A

recurrent laryngeal

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29
Q

Connection between the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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30
Q

This a. is a branch of the ascending aorta located posterior to pulmonary trunk and anterior to left auricle

A

left coronary artery

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31
Q

The left coronary artery divides into what two branches?

A

LAD and circumflex branch artery

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32
Q

The branch off of the LAD is the

A

lateral/diagonal branch of LAD

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33
Q

The branch off of the circumflex branch is the

A

left marginal artery

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34
Q

This a. supplies anterior part of RV and LV, and anterior part of interventricular septum

A

LAD

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35
Q

This a. supplies the anterior part of the LV

A

lateral branch of LAD

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36
Q

This a. supplies the LA and LV

A

circumflex branch of LCA

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37
Q

This a. supplies the LV

A

left marginal artery

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38
Q

This a. is a branch of the ascending aorta located within the right coronary sulcus between the RA and RV

A

right coronary artery

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39
Q

There are 4 branches off of the RCA:

A

SA nodal, AV nodal, right marginal, posterior interventricular

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40
Q

This a. supplies the SA node

A

SA nodal

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41
Q

This a. supplies the RV

A

right marginal artery

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42
Q

This a. supplies the posterior part of RV and LV and posterior part of interventricular septum

A

posterior interventricular artery

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43
Q

This a. supplies the AV node

A

AV nodal

44
Q

This vein drains into the RA and is located in posterior coronary sulcus

A

coronary sinus

45
Q

The ___ and ___ converge to form the coronary sinus

A

Great cardiac vein and left marginal vein

46
Q

This v. drains anterior LV, RV, anterior part of IV septum

A

great cardiac vein

47
Q

These two veins drain the LV

A

left marginal vein and left posterior ventricular vein

48
Q

This v. drains posterior LV, RV, posterior part IV septum

A

middle cardiac vein

49
Q

This v. drains RA, RV

A

small cardiac vein

50
Q

These veins drain anterior RV, RA

A

anterior cardiac veins

51
Q

There are __ anterior cardiac veins that drain into the __

A

anterior cardiac veins; RA

52
Q

The great cardiac vein travels with what artery?

A

LAD

53
Q

The left posterior ventricular vein travels with what artery?

A

circumflex branch of LCA

54
Q

The middle cardiac vein travels with what artery?

A

left posterior interventricular artery

55
Q

The small cardiac vein travels with what artery?

A

right marginal artery

56
Q

The extensions of the atria are called

A

auricles

57
Q

The fossa oval was the __ in the fetus

A

foramen oval

58
Q

The foramen oval was present in the fetus to ___

A

shunt blood from the RA to LA

59
Q

The incomplete closure of the foramen oval results in

A

atrial septal defect

60
Q

The rough wall of the right atrium is made up of

A

pectinate muscle

61
Q

The smooth wall of the right atrium is made up of

A

sinus venarum

62
Q

The muscular ridge that is smooth and connects the pectinate muscle and the sinus venarum

A

crista terminalis

63
Q

Below the fossa oval on the posterior wall is the

A

opening to the coronary sinus

64
Q

The depression in the interatrial septum is called the

A

fossa oval

65
Q

The pectinate muscle is derived from the __ in the embryo

A

atria

66
Q

The smoothness that is the sinus venarum is because of the incorporation of the ___ in the embryo

A

SVC/IVC

67
Q

The left auricle was the ___ in the embryo

A

LA

68
Q

In the LA, there is only pectinate muscle in the

A

auricle

69
Q

The smooth part of the LA is from the incorporation of the ___ in the embryo

A

pulmonary vein

70
Q

The opening and closing of valves in the heart is due to

A

blood pressure

71
Q

When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles, the valves

A

open

72
Q

When the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the atria, the valves

A

close

73
Q

The papillary muscles are between the ___ and __

A

wall of the ventricle and chordae tendinae

74
Q

The chordae tendinae is between the __ and __

A

papillary muscle and cusps of valves

75
Q

The papillary muscles and chordae tendinae are there to prevent the valves from

A

everting into the atria

76
Q

The semilunar valves do not have __ or ___

A

papillary muscles or chordae tendinae

77
Q

Located in the RV to connect the IV septum to the anterior papillary muscle is the

A

moderator band

78
Q

Muscles in the wall of the ventricles that are not papillary muscles but just in the walls

A

trabeculae carnae

79
Q

The region in the RV right before the pulmonary valve

A

conus arteriosis

80
Q

The opening of the LCA is located

A

right above the left cusp of the aortic valve

81
Q

The opening of the RCA is located

A

right above the right cusp of the aortic valve

82
Q

All of the valves of the heart are supported by

A

fibrous rings

83
Q

Between the atria and ventricles, there is ___ to provide electrical insulation between the A and V, as well as provide attachments for cardiac muscle

A

fibrous connective tissue

84
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is the

A

SA node

85
Q

The action potentials travel from the SA node through the atria via

A

gap junctions in atrial muscle cells

86
Q

Blood flow through the heart, starting with deoxygenated blood from the body

A

SVC, IVC, anterior cardiac veins, azygos vein –> RA –> tricuspid valve –> RV –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary arteries –> pulmonary capillaries in lungs –> OXYGENATED –> pulmonary veins –> LA –> bicuspid valve –> LV –> aortic valve –> aorta –> to body

87
Q

After birth, the ductus venosus becomes the

A

ligamentum venosum

88
Q

After birth, the ductus arteriosis becomes the

A

ligamentum arteriosum

89
Q

After birth, the umbilical vein closes off and becomes the

A

round ligament of the liver

90
Q

Part of the umbilical arteries occlude, but the parts that do not go to the

A

urinary bladder

91
Q

When the ventricles contract, the papillary muscles __, and that prevents the cusps of the AV from ___

A

contract, everting into atria

92
Q

When the ventricles contract, the ___ open and the ___ stretch

A

semilunar valves; elastic arteries (both aorta and pulmonary trunk)

93
Q

When the ventricles relax, the __ recoil, blood flows ___ and the ___ close

A

elastic arteries, back into the cusps, semilunar valves

94
Q

The back flow of blood when the ventricles relax also sends blood to the ___ and helps to keep blood pressure up enough to get blood to travel

A

coronary arteries; through the body

95
Q

The __ takes the action potential from the atria to the ventricles

A

atrioventricular bundle

96
Q

The SA node is located in the

A

superior portion of the RA near the SVC

97
Q

The AV node is located in the __

A

interatrial septum

98
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve goes to the ____ muscles to move the ____

A

laryngeal; vocal folds

99
Q

The anterior and posterior vagal trunks provide ___ innervation to the abdomen

A

parasympathetic

100
Q

The R vagus nerve becomes the ___ on the posterior esophagus

A

posterior vagal trunk

101
Q

The L vagus nerve becomes the ___ on the anterior esophagus through the diaphragm

A

anterior vagal trunk

102
Q

The lymph coming from everything below the diaphragm on both sides drains into the

A

thoracic duct

103
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the

A

left venous angle (IJ and subclavian making up the brachiocephalic)

104
Q

The thoracic duct contains ___ as well as lymph

A

chyme (fat)

105
Q

The R jugular, bronchiomediastinal, and subclavian trunks of the lymphatic system drain separately into the

A

right venous angle

Anatomy Exam 2 (7 decks)

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