Thorax-mediastinum and heart Flashcards
1
Q
The heart has two muscular pumps
A
pulmonary and systemic circulation
2
Q
Pulmonary circulation is between
A
the heart and lungs
3
Q
Systemic circulation is between
A
heart and rest of body
4
Q
Within pulmonary capillaries Co2 diffuses from ___ to ___
A
blood to air
5
Q
Within pulmonary capillaries, O2 diffuses from ___ to ___
A
air to blood
6
Q
Within systemic capillaries Co2 diffuses from ___ to __
A
body tissues to blood
7
Q
Within systemic capillaries O2 diffuses from __ to __
A
blood to body tissues
8
Q
The visceral pericardium is made of epithelial tissue producing pericardial fluid, loose connective tissue, and fat, and is called the
A
epicardium
9
Q
The actual muscle of the heart is
A
myocardium
10
Q
The internal lining of the ventricles and atria is epithelial tissue called
A
endocardium
11
Q
The groove between the ventricles on the anterior side of the heart is called
A
anterior interventricular sulcus
12
Q
The groove between the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart is called
A
posterior interventricular sulcus
13
Q
The groove all the way around the heart, between atria and ventricles
A
coronary sulcus
14
Q
All of the LA can been seen on the ___ side of the heart
A
posterior
15
Q
The area where the LV and RV meet is called the
A
apex
16
Q
The LA and part of the RA makes up the
A
base of the heart
17
Q
The ___ and __ drain into the RA
A
IVC SVC
18
Q
The azygos vein drains into the
A
SVC
19
Q
The RV goes into the
A
pulmonary trunk
20
Q
The pulmonary trunk divides into the
A
2 pulmonary arteries
21
Q
The pulmonary arteries carry ___ blood
A
deoxygenated
22
Q
The pulmonary arteries go into the ___
A
lungs
23
Q
The LV goes into the
A
aorta
24
Q
The ascending aorta then becomes the
A
aortic arch
25
The aortic arch becomes the
descending thoracic aorta
26
There are ___ pulmonary veins that drain into the ___
4, LA
27
The pulmonary veins have ___ blood; there are two on the right and two on the left
oxygenated; R superior and inferior, L superior and inferior
28
The branch of the vagus nerve that runs behind the arch of aorta on the L side
recurrent laryngeal
29
Connection between the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
ligamentum arteriosum
30
This a. is a branch of the ascending aorta located posterior to pulmonary trunk and anterior to left auricle
left coronary artery
31
The left coronary artery divides into what two branches?
LAD and circumflex branch artery
32
The branch off of the LAD is the
lateral/diagonal branch of LAD
33
The branch off of the circumflex branch is the
left marginal artery
34
This a. supplies anterior part of RV and LV, and anterior part of interventricular septum
LAD
35
This a. supplies the anterior part of the LV
lateral branch of LAD
36
This a. supplies the LA and LV
circumflex branch of LCA
37
This a. supplies the LV
left marginal artery
38
This a. is a branch of the ascending aorta located within the right coronary sulcus between the RA and RV
right coronary artery
39
There are 4 branches off of the RCA:
SA nodal, AV nodal, right marginal, posterior interventricular
40
This a. supplies the SA node
SA nodal
41
This a. supplies the RV
right marginal artery
42
This a. supplies the posterior part of RV and LV and posterior part of interventricular septum
posterior interventricular artery
43
This a. supplies the AV node
AV nodal
44
This vein drains into the RA and is located in posterior coronary sulcus
coronary sinus
45
The ___ and ___ converge to form the coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein and left marginal vein
46
This v. drains anterior LV, RV, anterior part of IV septum
great cardiac vein
47
These two veins drain the LV
left marginal vein and left posterior ventricular vein
48
This v. drains posterior LV, RV, posterior part IV septum
middle cardiac vein
49
This v. drains RA, RV
small cardiac vein
50
These veins drain anterior RV, RA
anterior cardiac veins
51
There are __ anterior cardiac veins that drain into the __
anterior cardiac veins; RA
52
The great cardiac vein travels with what artery?
LAD
53
The left posterior ventricular vein travels with what artery?
circumflex branch of LCA
54
The middle cardiac vein travels with what artery?
left posterior interventricular artery
55
The small cardiac vein travels with what artery?
right marginal artery
56
The extensions of the atria are called
auricles
57
The fossa oval was the __ in the fetus
foramen oval
58
The foramen oval was present in the fetus to ___
shunt blood from the RA to LA
59
The incomplete closure of the foramen oval results in
atrial septal defect
60
The rough wall of the right atrium is made up of
pectinate muscle
61
The smooth wall of the right atrium is made up of
sinus venarum
62
The muscular ridge that is smooth and connects the pectinate muscle and the sinus venarum
crista terminalis
63
Below the fossa oval on the posterior wall is the
opening to the coronary sinus
64
The depression in the interatrial septum is called the
fossa oval
65
The pectinate muscle is derived from the __ in the embryo
atria
66
The smoothness that is the sinus venarum is because of the incorporation of the ___ in the embryo
SVC/IVC
67
The left auricle was the ___ in the embryo
LA
68
In the LA, there is only pectinate muscle in the
auricle
69
The smooth part of the LA is from the incorporation of the ___ in the embryo
pulmonary vein
70
The opening and closing of valves in the heart is due to
blood pressure
71
When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles, the valves
open
72
When the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the atria, the valves
close
73
The papillary muscles are between the ___ and __
wall of the ventricle and chordae tendinae
74
The chordae tendinae is between the __ and __
papillary muscle and cusps of valves
75
The papillary muscles and chordae tendinae are there to prevent the valves from
everting into the atria
76
The semilunar valves do not have __ or ___
papillary muscles or chordae tendinae
77
Located in the RV to connect the IV septum to the anterior papillary muscle is the
moderator band
78
Muscles in the wall of the ventricles that are not papillary muscles but just in the walls
trabeculae carnae
79
The region in the RV right before the pulmonary valve
conus arteriosis
80
The opening of the LCA is located
right above the left cusp of the aortic valve
81
The opening of the RCA is located
right above the right cusp of the aortic valve
82
All of the valves of the heart are supported by
fibrous rings
83
Between the atria and ventricles, there is ___ to provide electrical insulation between the A and V, as well as provide attachments for cardiac muscle
fibrous connective tissue
84
The pacemaker of the heart is the
SA node
85
The action potentials travel from the SA node through the atria via
gap junctions in atrial muscle cells
86
Blood flow through the heart, starting with deoxygenated blood from the body
SVC, IVC, anterior cardiac veins, azygos vein --> RA --> tricuspid valve --> RV --> pulmonary valve --> pulmonary trunk --> pulmonary arteries --> pulmonary capillaries in lungs --> OXYGENATED --> pulmonary veins --> LA --> bicuspid valve --> LV --> aortic valve --> aorta --> to body
87
After birth, the ductus venosus becomes the
ligamentum venosum
88
After birth, the ductus arteriosis becomes the
ligamentum arteriosum
89
After birth, the umbilical vein closes off and becomes the
round ligament of the liver
90
Part of the umbilical arteries occlude, but the parts that do not go to the
urinary bladder
91
When the ventricles contract, the papillary muscles __, and that prevents the cusps of the AV from ___
contract, everting into atria
92
When the ventricles contract, the ___ open and the ___ stretch
semilunar valves; elastic arteries (both aorta and pulmonary trunk)
93
When the ventricles relax, the __ recoil, blood flows ___ and the ___ close
elastic arteries, back into the cusps, semilunar valves
94
The back flow of blood when the ventricles relax also sends blood to the ___ and helps to keep blood pressure up enough to get blood to travel
coronary arteries; through the body
95
The __ takes the action potential from the atria to the ventricles
atrioventricular bundle
96
The SA node is located in the
superior portion of the RA near the SVC
97
The AV node is located in the __
interatrial septum
98
The recurrent laryngeal nerve goes to the ____ muscles to move the ____
laryngeal; vocal folds
99
The anterior and posterior vagal trunks provide ___ innervation to the abdomen
parasympathetic
100
The R vagus nerve becomes the ___ on the posterior esophagus
posterior vagal trunk
101
The L vagus nerve becomes the ___ on the anterior esophagus through the diaphragm
anterior vagal trunk
102
The lymph coming from everything below the diaphragm on both sides drains into the
thoracic duct
103
The thoracic duct drains lymph into the
left venous angle (IJ and subclavian making up the brachiocephalic)
104
The thoracic duct contains ___ as well as lymph
chyme (fat)
105
The R jugular, bronchiomediastinal, and subclavian trunks of the lymphatic system drain separately into the
right venous angle
