Spinal Cord and Meninges

Question 1

The spinal cord in an embryo is:

Answer 1

all the way down into the tail

Question 2

After the 8th week of development, the spinal cord

Answer 2

loses its caudal portion when the tail is lost

Question 3

At birth, the spinal cord

Answer 3

ends at L3-4

Question 4

In an adult, the spinal cord

Answer 4

ends at L1-2

Question 5

The very tip of the spinal cord is called

Answer 5

conus medullaris

Question 6

Off of the conus medullaris, there are 3 types of “strings”

Answer 6

filum terminale, dorsal rootlets, ventral rootlets

Question 7

There is an enlargement in the cervical spinal cord for

Answer 7

innervation of the upper limb

Question 8

There is an enlargement in the lumbar spinal cord for

Answer 8

innervation of the lower limb

Question 9

The first divisions off of the spinal cords are

Answer 9

dorsal and ventral rootlets

Question 10

The rootlets come together to form

Answer 10

dorsal and ventral roots

Question 11

The dorsal and ventral roots come together to form

Answer 11

spinal nerve

Question 12

The spinal nerve divides into

Answer 12

anterior and posterior rami

Question 13

The gray matter of the spinal cord and brain is made up of

Answer 13

cell bodies of neurons

Question 14

The white matter of the spinal cord is made up of

Answer 14

axons

Question 15

This nerve tract is sensory going up to the brain

Answer 15

acending

Question 16

This nerve tract is motor going down from the brain

Answer 16

descending

Question 17

This nerve tract is both sensory and motor as well as reflexive, and crosses the midline from R-L or L-R

Answer 17

commissural

Question 18

The brainstem is made up of

Answer 18

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 19

The lower somatic motor goes from the ___ to the ___

Answer 19

CNS to PNS

Question 20

The upper somatic motor goes from the ___ to the ___

Answer 20

CNS to CNS

Question 21

The thalamus structures are all located in the

Answer 21

diencephalon

Question 22

___ travel from one part of the brain to another

Answer 22

projecting fibers

Question 23

The cerebral cortex is made up of ___ matter

Answer 23

gray

Question 24

The upper motor neurons descend within the brain to synapse ___

Answer 24

on either lower motor cranial nerves or lower motor spinal nerves

Question 25

Because somatic and visceral nerves synapse at the same place, visceral pain can be felt as physical pain—this is called

Answer 25

referred pain

Question 26

This is considered the relay center of the brain

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

Once a 3rd order neuron synapses on a cortical neuron ___

Answer 27

the sensation is perceived

Question 28

Autonomic motor neurons synapse on ____

Answer 28

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Question 29

The autonomic system divides into the

Answer 29

parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

Question 30

Parasympathetic neurons have really ___ pre-ganglionics and really ___ post-ganglionics

Answer 30

long; short

Question 31

Collateral ganglia are also known as ____ because they are found on the anterior sides of vertebral bodies

Answer 31

prevertebral ganglia

Question 32

The sympathetic chain is also called the ____ because they are found on the lateral sides of the vertebral bodies

Answer 32

paravertebral

Question 33

The gray rami communicans leads to ____

Answer 33

anterior or posterior rami

Question 34

The white rami communicans leads to ____

Answer 34

sympathetic trunk

Question 35

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves have only ___

Answer 35

pre-ganglionic

Question 36

Sacral splanchnic nerves have ____

Answer 36

both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons

Question 37

Sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla is only

Answer 37

pre-ganglionic

Question 38

The adrenal medulla cells act as post-ganglionics and release

Answer 38

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine on a global level

Question 39

The most external covering of the spinal cord is

Answer 39

dura mater

Question 40

The space deep to the vertebral bone and before dura mater is

Answer 40

epidural space

Question 41

The layer deep to the dura on top of the spinal cord is

Answer 41

arachnoid mater

Question 42

The space between dura mater and arachnoid mater is

Answer 42

subdural space

Question 43

This is a potential space since the arachnoid is normally pushed against the dura due to pressure of the CSF

Answer 43

subdural space

Question 44

This is the space that contains the CSF

Answer 44

subarachnoid space

Question 45

This is the actual connective tissue covering on neural tissue

Answer 45

pia mater

Question 46

Lateral extensions of pia mater that come off the lateral surfaces of the spinal cord, pierce the arachnoid and attach to the dura to help hold the spinal cord in place, as well as separates dorsal from ventral rootlets

Answer 46

denticulate ligament

Question 47

This is an extension off of the conus medullaris, located inside arachnoid mater, and found amongst the cauda equine

Answer 47

pial filum terminale

Question 48

This is an extension off of the dural sac that attaches into the coccyx and comes out of the sacral hiatus

Answer 48

dural filum terminale