Thorax-intercostal spaces and muscles, pleural cavities, and lungs

Question 1

During inspiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity ___, the air pressure within the thoracic cavity ___, and air moves ___

Answer 1

increases, decreases, into the lungs

Question 2

During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity ___, the air pressure within the thoracic cavity ___, and air moves ___

Answer 2

decreases, increases, out of the lungs

Question 3

During inspiration, the ribs ____, the sternum moves ___, and the diaphragm moves ___ as it contracts

Answer 3

elevate; anteriorly; down

Question 4

During expiration, the ribs ____, the sternum moves ___, and the diaphragm moves ___ as it relaxes

Answer 4

depress; posteriorly; up (due to pressure in the abdominal cavity)

Question 5

During forced contraction of the diaphragm, the volume of the abdominal cavity ____, the pressure in the abdominal cavity ____, and the abdominal organs ____

Answer 5

decreases; increases; move contents out

Question 6

The left superior posterior vein crosses ____ the aorta to drain into the ____ vein

Answer 6

over; azygos

Question 7

Posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body drain into the ____ which drains into the ____ and then into the ____

Answer 7

azygos vein; SVC; RA

Question 8

The left posterior intercostal veins drain into the ____ on the upper portion of the thorax and the ____ in the lower portion of the thorax. These cross ___ the aorta to drain into the azygos vein

Answer 8

accessory hemiazygos v.; hemiazygos v.; under

Question 9

The space from the thorax into the neck, created by the 1st ribs, manubrium, and 1st thoracic vertebrae (carry CCA, SA, IJ, SV, trachea esophagus, phrenic n., vagus n., and sympathetic trunk

Answer 9

Superior thoracic aperture

Question 10

The space from the thorax into the abdomen, created by the costal margin, the bottoms of the 11 and 12 rib, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae (diaphragm attaches here, carries descending aorta, esophagus, parts of the vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk, thoracic splanchnic nerves, IVC, and thoracic duct)

Answer 10

Inferior thoracic aperture

Question 11

The pressure in the thoracic cavity needs to be kept ___ to keep the lungs expanded

Answer 11

low

Question 12

The thoracic cavity has 3 first divisions

Answer 12

left and right pleural cavities, and mediastinum

Question 13

The mediastinum is divided first into the ____ between T4-T5/sternal angle

Answer 13

superior and inferior mediastinum

Question 14

The inferior mediastinum is then divided into the

Answer 14

anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum

Question 15

The anterior mediastinum is between the ___ and ___

Answer 15

sternum and heart

Question 16

The middle mediastinum is the area around the

Answer 16

hearat

Question 17

The posterior mediastinum is between the ___ and ___

Answer 17

heart and vertebrae

Question 18

Lines the internal surface of body cavity

Answer 18

parietal

Question 19

Lines the external surface of organs

Answer 19

visceral

Question 20

Between the two connected serous membranes (visceral and parietal) there is

Answer 20

serous fluid

Question 21

the serous membranes around the lungs are

Answer 21

pleura

Question 22

the serous membranes around the heart are

Answer 22

pericardium

Question 23

the lungs developed off of the ___ in the embryo

Answer 23

gut tube

Question 24

Keeps surface tension high enough to keep the lungs from collapsing

Answer 24

pleural fluid

Question 25

The parietal pleura has what 4 areas

Answer 25

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical

Question 26

The area where visceral pleura and mediastinal parietal pleura is the ___, where the ______ travel

Answer 26

root; pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and primary bronchi

Question 27

The visceral pericardium is continuous with the

Answer 27

parietal pericardium

Question 28

The area between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium is the

Answer 28

pericardial cavity

Question 29

The fibrous pericardium is continuous with the

Answer 29

connective tissue on the outside of any of the great vessels

Question 30

The fibrous pericardium is also attached to the ___ and moves ____

Answer 30

diaphragm and moves up and down with it

Question 31

Between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal parietal pleura, the ____ can be found

Answer 31

phrenic nerve

Question 32

The space between the sternum and lungs is called

Answer 32

costomediastinal recess

Question 33

The space between the ribs and diaphragm is called

Answer 33

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 34

The upper respiratory tract includes the :

Answer 34

external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 35

The lower respiratory tract includes the:

Answer 35

larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 36

The ___ is the ridge at the bifurcation of the trachea, is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, and causes a cough reflex

Answer 36

carina

Question 37

The muscle on the posterior surface of the trachea contracts to ___

Answer 37

cough

Question 38

The lateral and anterior portions of the trachea are covered by

Answer 38

c-shaped cartilagenous rings

Question 39

The right lung has what 5 things:

Answer 39

superior lobe, horizontal fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

Question 40

The left lung has what 5 things:

Answer 40

superior lobe, ligula, cardiac notch, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

Question 41

The secondary bronchi go to the

Answer 41

individual lobes of the lungs

Question 42

The conducting system does what 4 things to air

Answer 42

exchanges heat, moves air, cleans air, and moisturizes air

Question 43

What 2 reasons does air need to be moisturized

Answer 43

1-keep mucous membranes moist 2-need water for gas exchange

Question 44

Gas exchange occurs in the ____ of the respiratory system

Answer 44

respiratory zone

Question 45

The ____ connect alveoli and allow air to move between alveoli

Answer 45

alveolar pores

Question 46

The pulmonary artery carries ___ blood

Answer 46

deoxygenated

Question 47

The pulmonary veins carry ___ blood

Answer 47

oxygenated

Question 48

These cells make up the walls of the alveoli, and gas exchanges occurs across them

Answer 48

type I alveolar cells

Question 49

These cells secrete surfactant

Answer 49

type II alveolar cells

Question 50

Surfactant is important to

Answer 50

decrease surface tension of water and keep alveoli open

Question 51

The brachial arteries are branches off of the

Answer 51

descending thoracic aorta

Question 52

The brachial arteries supply the

Answer 52

bronchial tree, lung tissue, and visceral pleura

Question 53

This is a folding of pleura from the mediastinal parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Answer 53

pulmonary ligament

Question 54

The flow of oxygen across the respiratory membrane goes

Answer 54

epithelium of Type I alveolar cells--> basement membrane of alveolar epithelium --> basement membrane of capillary endothelium --> capillary endothelium --> blood

Question 55

The bronchial veins drain

Answer 55

proximal part of bronchial tree and proximal lung tissue

Question 56

The pulmonary veins drain

Answer 56

distal part of bronchial tree, distal lung tissue, visceral pleura

Question 57

The bronchial and pulmonary veins drain into the

Answer 57

azygos vein on the right, accessory hemiazygos, hemiazygos, or left posterior superior intercostal vein on the left

Question 58

The pulmonary plexuses supply the

Answer 58

para, sym, and visceral sensory nerves to the bronchial tree and vasculature of the lungs

Question 59

The pulmonary plexus supplies the parasympathetic of

Answer 59

brainstem and vagus nerve

Question 60

The pulmonary plexus supplies the sympathetic of

Answer 60

visceral branches off of the upper thoracic spinal cord and lungs

Question 61

Anywhere parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves go, ____ follows

Answer 61

visceral sensory

Question 62

The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the

Answer 62

thorax and most of the abdomen

Question 63

These travel inferiorly, deep to the mediastinal pleura

Answer 63

vagus and phrenic nerves

Question 64

This nerve runs between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal parietal pleura

Answer 64

phrenic nerve

Question 65

This nerve follows the esophagus down to the abdomen

Answer 65

vagus nerve

Question 66

This artery supplies the pericardium and diaphragm

Answer 66

pericardiacophrenic artery

Question 67

This vein drains the pericardium and diaphragm

Answer 67

pericardiacophrenic vein

Question 68

The pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch off the

Answer 68

internal thoracic artery

Question 69

The pericardiacophrenic vein drains into the

Answer 69

internal thoracic vein or brachiocephalic vein

Question 70

This a. and v. travels inferiorly with the phrenic nerve

Answer 70

pericardiacophrenic a and v

Question 71

Just lateral to the vertebral bodies on the posterior wall of thorax runs the

Answer 71

thoracic sympathetic trunk

Question 72

The greater splanchnic nerve comes off of

Answer 72

T5-T9

Question 73

The lesser splanchnic nerve comes off of

Answer 73

T10-T11

Question 74

The least splanchnic nerve comes off of

Answer 74

T12

Question 75

The lumbar splanchnic nerve comes off of

Answer 75

L1-L3