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Anatomy Exam 2 > Thorax-intercostal spaces and muscles, pleural cavities, and lungs > Flashcards

Thorax-intercostal spaces and muscles, pleural cavities, and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

During inspiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity ___, the air pressure within the thoracic cavity ___, and air moves ___

A

increases, decreases, into the lungs

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2
Q

During expiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity ___, the air pressure within the thoracic cavity ___, and air moves ___

A

decreases, increases, out of the lungs

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3
Q

During inspiration, the ribs ____, the sternum moves ___, and the diaphragm moves ___ as it contracts

A

elevate; anteriorly; down

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4
Q

During expiration, the ribs ____, the sternum moves ___, and the diaphragm moves ___ as it relaxes

A

depress; posteriorly; up (due to pressure in the abdominal cavity)

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5
Q

During forced contraction of the diaphragm, the volume of the abdominal cavity ____, the pressure in the abdominal cavity ____, and the abdominal organs ____

A

decreases; increases; move contents out

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6
Q

The left superior posterior vein crosses ____ the aorta to drain into the ____ vein

A

over; azygos

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7
Q

Posterior intercostal veins on the right side of the body drain into the ____ which drains into the ____ and then into the ____

A

azygos vein; SVC; RA

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8
Q

The left posterior intercostal veins drain into the ____ on the upper portion of the thorax and the ____ in the lower portion of the thorax. These cross ___ the aorta to drain into the azygos vein

A

accessory hemiazygos v.; hemiazygos v.; under

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9
Q

The space from the thorax into the neck, created by the 1st ribs, manubrium, and 1st thoracic vertebrae (carry CCA, SA, IJ, SV, trachea esophagus, phrenic n., vagus n., and sympathetic trunk

A

Superior thoracic aperture

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10
Q

The space from the thorax into the abdomen, created by the costal margin, the bottoms of the 11 and 12 rib, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae (diaphragm attaches here, carries descending aorta, esophagus, parts of the vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk, thoracic splanchnic nerves, IVC, and thoracic duct)

A

Inferior thoracic aperture

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11
Q

The pressure in the thoracic cavity needs to be kept ___ to keep the lungs expanded

A

low

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12
Q

The thoracic cavity has 3 first divisions

A

left and right pleural cavities, and mediastinum

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13
Q

The mediastinum is divided first into the ____ between T4-T5/sternal angle

A

superior and inferior mediastinum

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14
Q

The inferior mediastinum is then divided into the

A

anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum

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15
Q

The anterior mediastinum is between the ___ and ___

A

sternum and heart

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16
Q

The middle mediastinum is the area around the

A

hearat

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17
Q

The posterior mediastinum is between the ___ and ___

A

heart and vertebrae

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18
Q

Lines the internal surface of body cavity

A

parietal

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19
Q

Lines the external surface of organs

A

visceral

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20
Q

Between the two connected serous membranes (visceral and parietal) there is

A

serous fluid

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21
Q

the serous membranes around the lungs are

A

pleura

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22
Q

the serous membranes around the heart are

A

pericardium

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23
Q

the lungs developed off of the ___ in the embryo

A

gut tube

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24
Q

Keeps surface tension high enough to keep the lungs from collapsing

A

pleural fluid

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25
Q

The parietal pleura has what 4 areas

A

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical

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26
Q

The area where visceral pleura and mediastinal parietal pleura is the ___, where the ______ travel

A

root; pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and primary bronchi

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27
Q

The visceral pericardium is continuous with the

A

parietal pericardium

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28
Q

The area between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium is the

A

pericardial cavity

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29
Q

The fibrous pericardium is continuous with the

A

connective tissue on the outside of any of the great vessels

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30
Q

The fibrous pericardium is also attached to the ___ and moves ____

A

diaphragm and moves up and down with it

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31
Q

Between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal parietal pleura, the ____ can be found

A

phrenic nerve

32
Q

The space between the sternum and lungs is called

A

costomediastinal recess

33
Q

The space between the ribs and diaphragm is called

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

34
Q

The upper respiratory tract includes the :

A

external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

35
Q

The lower respiratory tract includes the:

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

36
Q

The ___ is the ridge at the bifurcation of the trachea, is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, and causes a cough reflex

A

carina

37
Q

The muscle on the posterior surface of the trachea contracts to ___

A

cough

38
Q

The lateral and anterior portions of the trachea are covered by

A

c-shaped cartilagenous rings

39
Q

The right lung has what 5 things:

A

superior lobe, horizontal fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

40
Q

The left lung has what 5 things:

A

superior lobe, ligula, cardiac notch, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

41
Q

The secondary bronchi go to the

A

individual lobes of the lungs

42
Q

The conducting system does what 4 things to air

A

exchanges heat, moves air, cleans air, and moisturizes air

43
Q

What 2 reasons does air need to be moisturized

A

1-keep mucous membranes moist 2-need water for gas exchange

44
Q

Gas exchange occurs in the ____ of the respiratory system

A

respiratory zone

45
Q

The ____ connect alveoli and allow air to move between alveoli

A

alveolar pores

46
Q

The pulmonary artery carries ___ blood

A

deoxygenated

47
Q

The pulmonary veins carry ___ blood

A

oxygenated

48
Q

These cells make up the walls of the alveoli, and gas exchanges occurs across them

A

type I alveolar cells

49
Q

These cells secrete surfactant

A

type II alveolar cells

50
Q

Surfactant is important to

A

decrease surface tension of water and keep alveoli open

51
Q

The brachial arteries are branches off of the

A

descending thoracic aorta

52
Q

The brachial arteries supply the

A

bronchial tree, lung tissue, and visceral pleura

53
Q

This is a folding of pleura from the mediastinal parietal pleura and visceral pleura

A

pulmonary ligament

54
Q

The flow of oxygen across the respiratory membrane goes

A

epithelium of Type I alveolar cells–> basement membrane of alveolar epithelium –> basement membrane of capillary endothelium –> capillary endothelium –> blood

55
Q

The bronchial veins drain

A

proximal part of bronchial tree and proximal lung tissue

56
Q

The pulmonary veins drain

A

distal part of bronchial tree, distal lung tissue, visceral pleura

57
Q

The bronchial and pulmonary veins drain into the

A

azygos vein on the right, accessory hemiazygos, hemiazygos, or left posterior superior intercostal vein on the left

58
Q

The pulmonary plexuses supply the

A

para, sym, and visceral sensory nerves to the bronchial tree and vasculature of the lungs

59
Q

The pulmonary plexus supplies the parasympathetic of

A

brainstem and vagus nerve

60
Q

The pulmonary plexus supplies the sympathetic of

A

visceral branches off of the upper thoracic spinal cord and lungs

61
Q

Anywhere parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves go, ____ follows

A

visceral sensory

62
Q

The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the

A

thorax and most of the abdomen

63
Q

These travel inferiorly, deep to the mediastinal pleura

A

vagus and phrenic nerves

64
Q

This nerve runs between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal parietal pleura

A

phrenic nerve

65
Q

This nerve follows the esophagus down to the abdomen

A

vagus nerve

66
Q

This artery supplies the pericardium and diaphragm

A

pericardiacophrenic artery

67
Q

This vein drains the pericardium and diaphragm

A

pericardiacophrenic vein

68
Q

The pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch off the

A

internal thoracic artery

69
Q

The pericardiacophrenic vein drains into the

A

internal thoracic vein or brachiocephalic vein

70
Q

This a. and v. travels inferiorly with the phrenic nerve

A

pericardiacophrenic a and v

71
Q

Just lateral to the vertebral bodies on the posterior wall of thorax runs the

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk

72
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve comes off of

A

T5-T9

73
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerve comes off of

A

T10-T11

74
Q

The least splanchnic nerve comes off of

A

T12

75
Q

The lumbar splanchnic nerve comes off of

A

L1-L3

Anatomy Exam 2 (7 decks)

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