Abdomen, abdominal wall, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity

Question 1

There are ___ abdominal quadrants divided by __ planes

Answer 1

4; 2

Question 2

The two planes that divide the abdominal quadrants are the

Answer 2

transumbilical plane and median plane

Question 3

The four quadrants are

Answer 3

RUQ LUQ LLQ RLQ

Question 4

There are __ abdominal regions divided by __ planes

Answer 4

9; 4

Question 5

The vertical planes that divide the regions are the

Answer 5

2 midclavicular planes

Question 6

The horizontal planes that divide the regions are the

Answer 6

subcostal plane and transtubecular plane

Question 7

The ___ separates the abdomen from the upper leg

Answer 7

inguinal ligament

Question 8

The regions starting from the upper left are:

Answer 8

L hypchondriac, epigastric, R hypochondriac
L lumbar, umbilical, R lumbar
L inguinal, hypogastric/pelvic, R inguinal

Question 9

The intercostal nerves going to the abdomen are from the

Answer 9

anterior rami

Question 10

The layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep are

Answer 10

Skin- superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue- deep membrane layer of subcutenous tissue- superficial deep tissue - external oblique - intermediate deep fascia - internal oblique - deep deep fascia - transversus abdominis - endoabdominal transversalis fascia - extraperitoneal fat - parietal peritoneum

Question 11

The ___ lines the internal surface of the abdominal wall

Answer 11

parietal peritoneum

Question 12

The ___ lines the outer surface of abdominal organs

Answer 12

visceral peritoneum

Question 13

These connect organs to other organs or to the abdominal wall

Answer 13

mesenteries

Question 14

In the embryo, the dorsal mesentery connects between the visceral and parietal peritoneum on the posterior side, and in the adult the dorsal mesenteries contain

Answer 14

blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Question 15

The only two parts of the ventral mesentery from the embryo that remain in the adult are to the

Answer 15

liver and urinary bladder

Question 16

The ___ goes down to the urinary bladder and contains the ___

Answer 16

median umbilical fold; urachus

Question 17

The ___ are remnants of the umbilical arteries that are no longer functional

Answer 17

medial umbilical folds

Question 18

The ___ are with the inferior epigastric a. and v. on the internal surface of the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 18

lateral umbilical folds

Question 19

The ventral mesentery from the liver to the abdominal wall is the

Answer 19

falciform ligament

Question 20

Within the inferior portion of the falciform ligament is the ___, which was the umbilical vein of the fetus; the paraumbilical veins also travel with it

Answer 20

round ligament of the liver

Question 21

This is posterior to the rectus abdominis m. where the aponeurosis of the EO, IO, TA run on top of the rectus abdominis

Answer 21

arcuate line

Question 22

Above the arcuate line, the aponeurosis of ___ and __ run posterior to the rectus ab and the aponeurosis of ___ and ____ run anterior to the rectus ab

Answer 22

transversus ab and part of IO; part of IO and the EO

Question 23

Below the arcuate line, the aponeurosis of ___ run anterior to the rectus ab

Answer 23

EO, IO, transversus ab

Question 24

Hernias usually occur __ the arcuate line

Answer 24

below

Question 25

A clinical sign of portal hypertension can be seen around the umbilicus as

Answer 25

caput medusa

Question 26

The spermatic cord runs through the

Answer 26

inguinal canal

Question 27

This is internal, the opening within the transversalis fascia

Answer 27

deep inguinal ring

Question 28

This is the opening within the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 28

superficial inguinal ring

Question 29

The floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the

Answer 29

inguinal ligament

Question 30

The internal oblique aponeurosis and transverse abdominis aponeurosis come together to form the

Answer 30

inguinal falx

Question 31

The enlarged transversalis fascia posterior to the inguinal falx is the

Answer 31

iliopubic tract

Question 32

Why do the testes descend?

Answer 32

to reach a cooler temperature for sperm production

Question 33

The testes start out in the ___ and descend through the ___

Answer 33

abdomen; inguinal canal

Question 34

The fibromuscular cord that attaches the gonads to their main organ is the

Answer 34

gubernaculum

Question 35

The portion of the peritoneal cavity going down into the scrotum is the (between 7-9 mo. gestationally)

Answer 35

process vaginalis

Question 36

What can occur if the process vaginalis does not close completely?

Answer 36

inguinal hernia--frequently congenital

Question 37

The peritoneum around the testes in an adult

Answer 37

tunica vaginalis

Question 38

In an adult male, the gubernaculum becomes the

Answer 38

scrotal ligament

Question 39

In an adult female, the gubernaculum becomes the

Answer 39

ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus

Question 40

The ovary is connected to the uterus by the

Answer 40

ovarian ligament

Question 41

The uterus is connected to the labia by the

Answer 41

round ligament of the uterus

Question 42

The tube from the mouth to the anus

Answer 42

digestive tract

Question 43

Organs that secrete fluid into the digestive tract or aid in mastication

Answer 43

accessory organs

Question 44

The accessory organs that secrete fluid into the digestive tract are

Answer 44

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancrease

Question 45

The organs that function in mastication are

Answer 45

teeth and tongue

Question 46

The lesser omentum is composed of what two ligaments

Answer 46

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal

Question 47

Attachment from the liver to the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 47

hepatogastric

Question 48

Attachment from the liver to the duodenum

Answer 48

hepatoduodenal

Question 49

The greater omentum is made up of what 3 ligaments

Answer 49

gastrocolic, gastrosplenic, gastrophrenic

Question 50

Attachment from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

Answer 50

gastrocolic

Question 51

Attachment from the greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen

Answer 51

gastrosplenic

Question 52

Attachment from greater curvature of the stomach to the diaphragm

Answer 52

gastrophrenic

Question 53

The connection from the liver into the anterior wall of the abdomen is the

Answer 53

falciform ligament

Question 54

The inferior portion of the falciform ligament contains the

Answer 54

round ligament of the liver

Question 55

The area of the greater omentum where it folds over on itself and is filled with peritoneal fluid

Answer 55

omental bursa

Question 56

The connection between the transverse colon and the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 56

transverse mesocolon

Question 57

The connection between the small intestine and the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 57

mesentery proper

Question 58

The connection between the sigmoid colon and the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 58

sigmoid mesocolon

Question 59

The connection between the splenic flexure of the colon and the diaphragm

Answer 59

phrenicocolic ligament

Question 60

The place where the visceral peritoneum of the liver is continuous with the parietal peritoneum on either the diaphragm or the posterior wall of the abdomen

Answer 60

coronary ligament

Question 61

The connection on the right side where the coronary ligament connects to the parietal peritoneum over the right kidney

Answer 61

hepatorenal ligament

Question 62

The portions of the coronary ligament folded over on itself on the right and left sides are

Answer 62

right and left triangular ligaments

Question 63

The organs covered by visceral peritoneum and are attached to the abdominal wall or other organs by a mesentery are considered

Answer 63

intraperitoneal

Question 64

The organs located on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by the parietal peritoneum are considered

Answer 64

retroperitoneal

Question 65

The organs inferior to the parietal peritoneum within the pelvis are considered

Answer 65

sub/infraperitoneal

Question 66

The organs that were always retroperitoneal are

Answer 66

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 67

Organs that were intraperitoneal during development but then moved retro are

Answer 67

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 68

The connection between the spleen and the kidney on the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 68

splenorenal ligament

Question 69

The connection/area between the peritoneal cavity and the omental bursa is the

Answer 69

omental foramen

Question 70

When an ulcer goes posteriorly, it enters the ___ and risks damaging great vessels

Answer 70

omental bursa

Question 71

The only connection between the greater and lesser sac is the

Answer 71

omental foramen

Question 72

The omental bursa is also the ___ region of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 72

lesser sac

Question 73

The greater sac of the peritoneal cavity has 2 compartments:

Answer 73

supracolic and infracolic

Question 74

The region anterior stomach and greater omentum

Answer 74

supracolic

Question 75

The region with inferior and posterior greater omentum, transverse colon, transverse mesocolon, and down to the end of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 75

infracolic

Question 76

The infracolic region has _ parts

Answer 76

4

Question 77

The area of infracolic lateral to ascending colon

Answer 77

right paracolic gutter

Question 78

The area of infracolic lateral to descending colon

Answer 78

left paracolic gutter

Question 79

The area of infracolic medial to ascending colon

Answer 79

right infracolic space

Question 80

The area of infracolic medial to descending colon

Answer 80

right infracolic space

Question 81

The stomach, the first part of the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the cecum, the appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon and their mesocolons, the upper 1/3 of the rectum, the liver, the spleen, and the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are

Answer 81

intraperitoneal

Question 82

The rest of the duodenum, the ascending colon, the descending colon, the middle 1/3 of the rectum, and the pancreas are

Answer 82

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 83

The kidneys, ureters, renal vessels, the gonadal blood vessels, the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the suprarenal glands are

Answer 83

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 84

The lower 1/3 of the rectum, the urinary bladder, the end of the ureters, the urethra, and the vagina are

Answer 84

infraperitoneal