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Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdominal Organs > Flashcards

Abdominal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

The largest lymphoid organ

A

spleen

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2
Q

The spleen does what two main functions

A

stores WBC, filters out old RBC

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3
Q

The first large trunk off of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk

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4
Q

The celiac trunk divides into what 2 main branches

A

common hepatic artery and splenic artery

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5
Q

The hepatic portal vein is made by the connection between the ___ and ___

A

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

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6
Q

The muscles in the throat that allow swallowing

A

pharyngeal constrictors

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7
Q

The sphincter made up by the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle to prevent food from going back up to the pharynx from the esophagus

A

upper esophageal sphincter

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8
Q

The sphincter made up by the diaphragmatic musculature forming the esophageal hiatus to prevent food from moving from the stomach back up into the esophagus

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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9
Q

The opening of the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to run through

A

esophageal hiatus

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10
Q

The upper stomach can herniate into the ___ through the esophageal hiatus

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

The esophagus has a connection between the hepatic portal system and the systemic system (via either IVC or azygos vein) and with hepatic portal hypertension can result in

A

esophageal varices

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12
Q

The esophagus is innervated by the ___ (para), ____ (sym) and has visceral sensory

A

vagus nerve; visceral branches of cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunks

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13
Q

The enlarged part of the digestive tract located inferior to the diaphragm and liver

A

stomach

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14
Q

The opening from the esophagus into the stomach

A

cardial notch

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15
Q

The part of the stomach surrounding cardial orifice

A

cardia

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16
Q

The part of the stomach superior to cardial notch

A

fundus

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17
Q

Large midportion of stomach

A

body

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18
Q

Funnel-shaped region of stomach leading to pyloric orifice

A

pyloric region

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19
Q

Left border of the stomach

A

greater curvature

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20
Q

right border of the stomach

A

lesser curvature

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21
Q

Area of stomach between esophagus and fundus

A

cardial notch

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22
Q

Controls movement from stomach into duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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23
Q

The folding of mucosa and submucosa during contraction of smooth muscle of stomach and when the stomach is empty

A

gastric folds/rugae

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24
Q

The stomach and spleen are innervated by ____ (para) ____ (sym) and also have visceral sensory

A

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic nerves to celiac ganglion

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25
Q

A lymphatic capillary in a villus is a

A

lacteal

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26
Q

The mostly posterior portion of the small intestine is the

A

duodenum

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27
Q

The majority of digestion and absorption of food occurs in the

A

small intestine

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28
Q

The connection between the duodenum and jejunum is the

A

duodenal-jejunal junction

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29
Q

This holds the small intestine to the posterior wall and is located at the d-j junction

A

ligament of Trietz

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30
Q

All venous blood from the small intestine goes to the ___ and into the ___

A

hepatic portal vein; liver

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31
Q

From the small intestine, fats enter the ___ and all other digested material enters ___

A

lymph; blood

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32
Q

A folding of epithelial layer in the small intestine is called a

A

villi

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33
Q

The upper quadrants of the SI are mostly

A

duodenum and jejunum

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34
Q

the lower quadrants of the SI are mostly

A

ileum

35
Q

The common bile duct is made up of the ___ from the gall bladder and the ___ from the liver

A

cystic duct; hepatic duct

36
Q

When the common bile duct merges with the pancreatic duct it creates the

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

37
Q

The hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the duodenum via the

A

major duondenal papilla

38
Q

The ___ leaves the pancreas with digestive enzymes to enter the duodenum via the ____

A

accessory pancreatic duct; minor duodenal papilla

39
Q

The ___ of the SI begins at the duodenal-jejunal junction

A

jejunum

40
Q

There is no outer demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum, but internally ____

A

the circular folds are larger in the jejunum and they are completely gone by the terminal ileum

41
Q

The ileum ends at the

A

ileocecal junction

42
Q

The circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine are called

A

pliea circularis

43
Q

What organ has both endocrine and exocrine fucntion with its head medial to the duodenum and the body and tail posterior to the stomach

A

pancreas

44
Q

The endocrine function of the pancreas releases

A

insulin and glucagon

45
Q

The exocrine function of the pancreas releases

A

digestive enzymes into the duodenum

46
Q

The ___ detoxify blood and create bile

A

hepatocytes

47
Q

The capillaries within the liver are called

A

hepatic sinusoids

48
Q

Blood enters the liver via

A

hepatic artery or hepatic portal vein

49
Q

The right, middle, and left hepatic veins leave the liver and enter the

A

IVC

50
Q

The organ inferior to the diaphragm in the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions that moves up and down with the diaphragm

A

liver

51
Q

The superior surface of the liver is the ___ and the inferior surface is the ____

A

diaphragmatic; visceral

52
Q

The lobe of the liver next to the IVC (right side) is the

A

caudate lobe

53
Q

The lobe of the liver next to the gall bladder (between r and l)

A

quadrate lobe

54
Q

The sac on the inferior surface of the liver that stores bile is the

A

gall bladder

55
Q

The R and L hepatic ducts merging into the bile duct create the

A

common hepatic duct

56
Q

The duct from the gall bladder into the bile duct is the

A

cystic duct

57
Q

Between meals, the sphincter of the bile duct is ___ and bile ____

A

closed; travels through cystic duct back up to the gall bladder

58
Q

Right after you eat, the sphincter of the bile duct is ___ and bile____

A

open/relaxed; enters the duodenum

59
Q

The innervation of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder is ___ (para) ____ (sym) and there is visceral sensory

A

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic to celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

60
Q

The organ from the ileocecal junction to the anus, that converts undigested food into feces by absorbing water, salts and vitamins

A

large intestine

61
Q

The longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the LI is incomplete, so 3 muscular bands called ___ run along the length of the colon

A

tenia coli

62
Q

When the tenia coli contract, it forms pouches called

A

haustra

63
Q

The fat-filled connective tissue pouches attached to the outer surface of the colon are called

A

epiploic appendages

64
Q

The small intestine and large intestine are connected at the

A

ileocecal orifice/ ileocecal valve

65
Q

The appendix has what 2 assumed functions

A

stores white blood cells, stores microbiota that can repopulate after the large intestine has been wiped out

66
Q

The transverse colon is supplied by the ___ artery

A

middle colic

67
Q

The ascending colon is supplied by the ____ artery

A

right colic

68
Q

The cecum, appendix, and ileum are supplied by the ___ artery

A

ileocolic

69
Q

The colon is supplied by branches off of the ______ artery and _____ artery

A

superior and inferior mesenteric

70
Q

The _____ artery is the connection between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

A

marginal artery

71
Q

The descending colon is supplied by the ___ artery

A

left colic

72
Q

The ____ and ___ arteries anastamose via the marginal artery

A

left colic and middle colic

73
Q

The sigmoid colon is supplied by the ____ artery

A

sigmoid

74
Q

The superior 1/3 of the rectum is supplied by the ____ artery, which is the inferior continuation of the inferior mesenteric after the left colic and sigmoid branches

A

superior rectal

75
Q

The abdominal arteries and veins travel together and supply/drain the same thing, except the inferior mesenteric vein follows the ____ artery superiorly

A

left colic

76
Q

The splenic flexure is the landmark for the division of arterial supply to the large intestine. The intestine previous to the splenic flexure is supplied by the ____, whereas everything after the splenic flexure is supplied by the ____

A

superior mesenteric artery; inferior mesenteric artery

77
Q

The middle and inferior 1/3s of the rectum are supplied by branches off of the

A

internal iliac artery

78
Q

The innervation of the colon from cecum to splenic flexure is ____(parasym), ___ (sym), and there is visceral afferent

A

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic–> superior mesenteric ganglia –> post-ganglionic follows superior mesenteric artery

79
Q

The innervation of the colon from the splenic flexure to the anal canal is ___ (parasym), ____ (sym), and there is visceral afferent

A

vagus nerve; pelvic splanchnic –> terminal ganglia in intestinal wall –> inferior hypogastric plexuses –> inferior mesenteric artery OR internal iliac artery; lumbar splanchnic –> inferior mesenteric ganglia –> inferior mesenteric artery and its branches; sacral splanchnic –> separate notecard

80
Q

The sympathetic innervation of LI from splenic flexure to anal canal, sacral splanchnic still pre-ganglionic

A

sacral splanchnic –> synapse at inferior hypogastric ganglia –> follow internal iliac artery *IN PELVIS

81
Q

The sympathetic innervation of LI from splenic flexure to anal canal, sacral splanchnic is post-ganglionic

A

sacral sympathetic trunk –> inferior hypogastric plexus –> follow internal iliac artery and branches

82
Q

The consequence of portal hypertension that can be seen in the rectum due to its connection from internal iliac draining into the IVC or the inferior mesenteric into the hepatic portal vein is

A

hemorrhoids

83
Q

The consequences of portal hypertension that is in the colon due to the connection of the lumbar veins draining into the IVC results in

A

colonic varices

Anatomy Exam 2 (7 decks)

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