Abdominal Organs

Question 1

The largest lymphoid organ

Answer 1

spleen

Question 2

The spleen does what two main functions

Answer 2

stores WBC, filters out old RBC

Question 3

The first large trunk off of the abdominal aorta

Answer 3

celiac trunk

Question 4

The celiac trunk divides into what 2 main branches

Answer 4

common hepatic artery and splenic artery

Question 5

The hepatic portal vein is made by the connection between the ___ and ___

Answer 5

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Question 6

The muscles in the throat that allow swallowing

Answer 6

pharyngeal constrictors

Question 7

The sphincter made up by the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle to prevent food from going back up to the pharynx from the esophagus

Answer 7

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 8

The sphincter made up by the diaphragmatic musculature forming the esophageal hiatus to prevent food from moving from the stomach back up into the esophagus

Answer 8

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 9

The opening of the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to run through

Answer 9

esophageal hiatus

Question 10

The upper stomach can herniate into the ___ through the esophageal hiatus

Answer 10

diaphragm

Question 11

The esophagus has a connection between the hepatic portal system and the systemic system (via either IVC or azygos vein) and with hepatic portal hypertension can result in

Answer 11

esophageal varices

Question 12

The esophagus is innervated by the ___ (para), ____ (sym) and has visceral sensory

Answer 12

vagus nerve; visceral branches of cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunks

Question 13

The enlarged part of the digestive tract located inferior to the diaphragm and liver

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

The opening from the esophagus into the stomach

Answer 14

cardial notch

Question 15

The part of the stomach surrounding cardial orifice

Answer 15

cardia

Question 16

The part of the stomach superior to cardial notch

Answer 16

fundus

Question 17

Large midportion of stomach

Answer 17

body

Question 18

Funnel-shaped region of stomach leading to pyloric orifice

Answer 18

pyloric region

Question 19

Left border of the stomach

Answer 19

greater curvature

Question 20

right border of the stomach

Answer 20

lesser curvature

Question 21

Area of stomach between esophagus and fundus

Answer 21

cardial notch

Question 22

Controls movement from stomach into duodenum

Answer 22

pyloric sphincter

Question 23

The folding of mucosa and submucosa during contraction of smooth muscle of stomach and when the stomach is empty

Answer 23

gastric folds/rugae

Question 24

The stomach and spleen are innervated by ____ (para) ____ (sym) and also have visceral sensory

Answer 24

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic nerves to celiac ganglion

Question 25

A lymphatic capillary in a villus is a

Answer 25

lacteal

Question 26

The mostly posterior portion of the small intestine is the

Answer 26

duodenum

Question 27

The majority of digestion and absorption of food occurs in the

Answer 27

small intestine

Question 28

The connection between the duodenum and jejunum is the

Answer 28

duodenal-jejunal junction

Question 29

This holds the small intestine to the posterior wall and is located at the d-j junction

Answer 29

ligament of Trietz

Question 30

All venous blood from the small intestine goes to the ___ and into the ___

Answer 30

hepatic portal vein; liver

Question 31

From the small intestine, fats enter the ___ and all other digested material enters ___

Answer 31

lymph; blood

Question 32

A folding of epithelial layer in the small intestine is called a

Answer 32

villi

Question 33

The upper quadrants of the SI are mostly

Answer 33

duodenum and jejunum

Question 34

the lower quadrants of the SI are mostly

Answer 34

ileum

Question 35

The common bile duct is made up of the ___ from the gall bladder and the ___ from the liver

Answer 35

cystic duct; hepatic duct

Question 36

When the common bile duct merges with the pancreatic duct it creates the

Answer 36

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 37

The hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the duodenum via the

Answer 37

major duondenal papilla

Question 38

The ___ leaves the pancreas with digestive enzymes to enter the duodenum via the ____

Answer 38

accessory pancreatic duct; minor duodenal papilla

Question 39

The ___ of the SI begins at the duodenal-jejunal junction

Answer 39

jejunum

Question 40

There is no outer demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum, but internally ____

Answer 40

the circular folds are larger in the jejunum and they are completely gone by the terminal ileum

Question 41

The ileum ends at the

Answer 41

ileocecal junction

Question 42

The circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine are called

Answer 42

pliea circularis

Question 43

What organ has both endocrine and exocrine fucntion with its head medial to the duodenum and the body and tail posterior to the stomach

Answer 43

pancreas

Question 44

The endocrine function of the pancreas releases

Answer 44

insulin and glucagon

Question 45

The exocrine function of the pancreas releases

Answer 45

digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Question 46

The ___ detoxify blood and create bile

Answer 46

hepatocytes

Question 47

The capillaries within the liver are called

Answer 47

hepatic sinusoids

Question 48

Blood enters the liver via

Answer 48

hepatic artery or hepatic portal vein

Question 49

The right, middle, and left hepatic veins leave the liver and enter the

Answer 49

IVC

Question 50

The organ inferior to the diaphragm in the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions that moves up and down with the diaphragm

Answer 50

liver

Question 51

The superior surface of the liver is the ___ and the inferior surface is the ____

Answer 51

diaphragmatic; visceral

Question 52

The lobe of the liver next to the IVC (right side) is the

Answer 52

caudate lobe

Question 53

The lobe of the liver next to the gall bladder (between r and l)

Answer 53

quadrate lobe

Question 54

The sac on the inferior surface of the liver that stores bile is the

Answer 54

gall bladder

Question 55

The R and L hepatic ducts merging into the bile duct create the

Answer 55

common hepatic duct

Question 56

The duct from the gall bladder into the bile duct is the

Answer 56

cystic duct

Question 57

Between meals, the sphincter of the bile duct is ___ and bile ____

Answer 57

closed; travels through cystic duct back up to the gall bladder

Question 58

Right after you eat, the sphincter of the bile duct is ___ and bile____

Answer 58

open/relaxed; enters the duodenum

Question 59

The innervation of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder is ___ (para) ____ (sym) and there is visceral sensory

Answer 59

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic to celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

Question 60

The organ from the ileocecal junction to the anus, that converts undigested food into feces by absorbing water, salts and vitamins

Answer 60

large intestine

Question 61

The longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the LI is incomplete, so 3 muscular bands called ___ run along the length of the colon

Answer 61

tenia coli

Question 62

When the tenia coli contract, it forms pouches called

Answer 62

haustra

Question 63

The fat-filled connective tissue pouches attached to the outer surface of the colon are called

Answer 63

epiploic appendages

Question 64

The small intestine and large intestine are connected at the

Answer 64

ileocecal orifice/ ileocecal valve

Question 65

The appendix has what 2 assumed functions

Answer 65

stores white blood cells, stores microbiota that can repopulate after the large intestine has been wiped out

Question 66

The transverse colon is supplied by the ___ artery

Answer 66

middle colic

Question 67

The ascending colon is supplied by the ____ artery

Answer 67

right colic

Question 68

The cecum, appendix, and ileum are supplied by the ___ artery

Answer 68

ileocolic

Question 69

The colon is supplied by branches off of the ______ artery and _____ artery

Answer 69

superior and inferior mesenteric

Question 70

The _____ artery is the connection between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Answer 70

marginal artery

Question 71

The descending colon is supplied by the ___ artery

Answer 71

left colic

Question 72

The ____ and ___ arteries anastamose via the marginal artery

Answer 72

left colic and middle colic

Question 73

The sigmoid colon is supplied by the ____ artery

Answer 73

sigmoid

Question 74

The superior 1/3 of the rectum is supplied by the ____ artery, which is the inferior continuation of the inferior mesenteric after the left colic and sigmoid branches

Answer 74

superior rectal

Question 75

The abdominal arteries and veins travel together and supply/drain the same thing, except the inferior mesenteric vein follows the ____ artery superiorly

Answer 75

left colic

Question 76

The splenic flexure is the landmark for the division of arterial supply to the large intestine. The intestine previous to the splenic flexure is supplied by the ____, whereas everything after the splenic flexure is supplied by the ____

Answer 76

superior mesenteric artery; inferior mesenteric artery

Question 77

The middle and inferior 1/3s of the rectum are supplied by branches off of the

Answer 77

internal iliac artery

Question 78

The innervation of the colon from cecum to splenic flexure is ____(parasym), ___ (sym), and there is visceral afferent

Answer 78

vagus nerve; thoracic splanchnic--> superior mesenteric ganglia --> post-ganglionic follows superior mesenteric artery

Question 79

The innervation of the colon from the splenic flexure to the anal canal is ___ (parasym), ____ (sym), and there is visceral afferent

Answer 79

vagus nerve; pelvic splanchnic --> terminal ganglia in intestinal wall --> inferior hypogastric plexuses --> inferior mesenteric artery OR internal iliac artery; lumbar splanchnic --> inferior mesenteric ganglia --> inferior mesenteric artery and its branches; sacral splanchnic --> separate notecard

Question 80

The sympathetic innervation of LI from splenic flexure to anal canal, sacral splanchnic still pre-ganglionic

Answer 80

sacral splanchnic --> synapse at inferior hypogastric ganglia --> follow internal iliac artery *IN PELVIS

Question 81

The sympathetic innervation of LI from splenic flexure to anal canal, sacral splanchnic is post-ganglionic

Answer 81

sacral sympathetic trunk --> inferior hypogastric plexus --> follow internal iliac artery and branches

Question 82

The consequence of portal hypertension that can be seen in the rectum due to its connection from internal iliac draining into the IVC or the inferior mesenteric into the hepatic portal vein is

Answer 82

hemorrhoids

Question 83

The consequences of portal hypertension that is in the colon due to the connection of the lumbar veins draining into the IVC results in

Answer 83

colonic varices