Thorax,Lungs Flashcards
What ribs are free floating?
11 and 12
What ribs do the scapulae hit on?
T7/8
What is the last rib that connects to the rib cage?
T7
Upper respiratory
Head
Lower respiratory
Neck down
The path fit air to move from upper airway to the alveoli
Tracheobronchial system
Where does the trachea separate?
At the angle of Louis/sternal angle
Which bronchus is shorter and wider?
Longer and narrow?
Right
Left
What are lined with cilia?
Bronchioles
What do the cilia do?
Whip mucus out
Inspiration and expiration result from ________ ________ within the lungs
Pressure changes
Exchanging of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the alveoli and capillaries
Diffusion
What are the muscles of inspiration?
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Where are the intercostal muscles located?
Inside the rib cage
Where is the respiratory center located?
The medulla oblongata of the brain stem—CNS
What sense the increase/decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood flow?
Carotid bodies in the carotid arteries
What are the two blood flows to the lungs?
Anterior thoracic aorta
Pulmonary veins
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right 3
Left 2
What divide the lobes?
Fissures
Where does lung cancer normally appear?
Upper lobes
Bottom breast line
5th rib mid axillary line
What limits lung expansion?
Lung parenchyma (elastic subpleural tissue)
Lungs expand from
T10-T12
Fluid filled; prevents the lung from sticking
Pleural sac
Against the organ
Visceral pleural
Away from the organ
Parietal pleural
Infection/inflammation of the pleural sac
Pleurisy
Fluid in the pleural sac, normally can’t open lung there so you can’t hear
Pleural edema/pleural effusion
Heart and blood vessels
Mediastinum
Where right and left costal margins meet and the xiphoid process
Costal angle
Backside of the costal angle
Costal vertebral angle
What people would you expect to have a anterior and posterior diameter equal?
Seniors, pregnant women, infants
When do babies get surfactant?
36-40 weeks
When babies are first born increased oxygen stimulates closure of the
Ductus anteriosus
What stabilizes alveoli?
Pulmonary surfactant
In pregnant women what causes changes in respiratory functions?
Increased progesterone
Major work for pregnant women is done by
The diaphragm
As baby gets bigger mom gets
Shorter of breath
Yellow green cough
Viral Infection
Rusty cough
TB, pneumonia
Pink cough
Pulmonary edema, heart
SOB
Dyspnea
Sounds like air going through straw
Wheezing
What radiated to shoulders, arms, all across chest, jaw, neck
Heart pain
Pain all the time, feels like elephant sitting on chest
Heart attavk
Symptoms female heart pain
Stomach pain
In the alveoli; barrel looking chest
Emphysema
Inflammation oh the bronchioles
Bronchitis
Closing of the airways
Asthma
One scapula higher than the other
Scoliosid
Confirms chest expansion
Thoracic expansion
How does normal lung tissues sound when percussion?
Resonant–long, loud, low pitch, hollow
How does hyper inflates lung sound?
Very loud, lower pitched, found over stomach—emphysema.
What is most important?
Side to side comparison
Different sounds in the lungs
Adventitious sounds
Sunken in sternum
Pectins excavatum
Forward Pertrusion of the sternum
Pectus carinatum
Exaggerated posterior curve of spine
Kyphosis
Regular to decreasing breaths
Cheyne-Stokes—sleep apnea, infants
Normal inspiration and prolonged expiration
Chronic obstructive breathing
% of oxygen on 1 Hgb molecule
Pulse oximetry
What should you keep pulse ox
Above 90%
Newborns chest circumference is usually close tot the size of its _____
Head
What happens to older adults chest?
Costal cartilage calcify—less mobile thorax
Respiratory muscle strength decline after age
50
Inspiration<expiration
Bronchial
Inspiration=Expiration
Bronchovesicular
Inspiration>expiration
Vesucular
High pitch
Bronchial
Moderate pitch
Bronchovesicular
Low pitch
Vesucular
Alveoli, liquid water in alveoli, sounds like paper/velcro
Crackles
In bronchiole tubes- straw sucking
Wheezes
Course, low pitched
Ronchi
Whistling, high-pitched
Wheeze
Scratchy, height pitched
Rub
Fine/Course, high pitched
Crackles
High pitched during inspiration
Stridor
