Neurological System Flashcards
the central nervous system is composed of
brain and spinal cord
what is the peripheral nervous system composed of
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
memory, will, intellect, emotions
frontal
sensory, perception (pain, temp)
parietal
sounds, auditory, smell, taste
temporal
eye vision
occipital
sexual behavior
limbic
“grey matter”
cerebral cortex
center for human’s highest functions
cerebral cortex
go from brain to spinal cord
upper motor neurons
go from brain to feet
lower motor neurons
what comes out of the brain?
spinal cord
sensory neurons
ascending
motor neurons
descending
what part of the brain regulates our temp?
hypothalamus
what part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
cerebellum
what part of the brain controls respirations?
midbrain, pons, medulla
what is know as the central core?
midbrain. pons, medulla
80% of the blood flow to the brain is controlled by
internal carotid arteries
20% of blood flow to brain is supplied by
vertebral basilar arteries
blood is returned to venous system through
internal juglar veins
what arise from the brain and how many are there?
12 cranial nerves
what arise from the spine and how many are there?
31 spinal nerves
what controls automatic functions?
automatic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
goes from spinal cord and back down
reflex arc
how many cranial nerves are there?
12
CN I
Olfactory
CN II
Optic
CN III
Oculomotor
CN IV
Trochlear
CN V
Trigeminal
CN VI
Abducens
CN VII
Facial
CN VIII
Acoustic
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
CN X
Vagus
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
CN XII
Hypoglossal
contain motor and sensory fibers
mixed nerves
if people can’t speak you must think about
swallowing
syncapy spells
blackouts
black spots that happen before a seizure
aura
nursing
rooting reflex
grab hand
palmar reflex
startle reflex
moro reflex
fan toes go out
+ babinski
what reflexes go away at 4 months?
rooting, moro, palmar
what reflex goes away at 14 months?
babinski
what kind of babinski do we want adults to have?
- babinski
motor development occurs in a ________ direction
cephalocaudal
what should infant do by 6 months?
hold head midline when sitting
by what age is 80% of brain growth completes?
80%
an increase number in ______ score the better
apgar
What are some developmental considerations for older adults?
slower gait
tremors
decrease in pain, tactile, and vibratory sensation
rigid tremor
parkinson’s
what do we use for head injury?
glasgow coma scale
What are the components of the comprehensive exam?
mental status cranial nerves motor movement (fine/gross) sensation reflex
the balance test
ronbergs
ronbergs should be
- except for older adult
when flexing chin, hips and knees bend
brudzinski’s sign
resistance to raising and flexing the knees
kernig’s sign
a time limited event due to excessive, hypersynchronous discharge of the neurons in the brain
seizure disorder
posture is stooped; steps are short and shuffling; body rigid; walks and turns body as one fixed movement; difficulty with change is direction
parkinson’s
stroke
cerebrovascular accident
a blood clot or atherosclerotic clot can cause
stroke (CVA)
swelling of the meninges around the brain
meningitis
a plaque in the carotid artery
carotid endarterectomy
diminished substantia nigra
parkinson’s disease
