Abdomen Flashcards
trouble swallowing
dysphagia
consideration if person has dysphagia
aspiratie pneumonia
parts of the right upper quadrant RUQ
liver gallbladder duodenum head of pancreas R kidney & adrenal hepatic flexure of colon part of ascending and transverse colon
parts of the left upper quadrant LUQ
stomach spleen L lobe of liver body of pancreas L kidney & adrenal splenic flexure of colon part of transverse and descending colon
parts of the right lower quadrant RLQ
cecum appendix R ovary & tube R ureter R spermatic cord
parts of left lower quadrant
part of descending colon sigmoid colon L ovary and tube L ureter L spermatic cord
aorta
uterus (if enlarged)
bladder (if enlarged)
midline
where would you see the female menstrual?
hypogastric
what are the developmental considerations of infants and children?
liver larger
bladder higher in abdomen
abdomen less muscular
what does the liver do?
metabolizes
what are the developmental considerations of a pregnant woman?
nausea and vomiting heartburn intestines displaced upward and posteriorly decrease in bowel sounds skin changes (striae) gerd
why do we see nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman?
lots of progesterone
heartburn
pyrosis
esophageal cancer when long cells turn to round cells
Barretts Esophagus (prilasec, zantec)
what are some developmental stages seen in older adults?
fat decrease in saliva esophageal emptying delayed decrease in gastric acid decrease in B12 decrease in liver size decrease in appetite decrease in blood flow increase in gallstones increase in constipation
with older adults we see a decrease in b12 because of what?
decrease in gastric acid
a decrease in B12 can cause
pernicious anemia
who do we see an increase in gallstones in?
fair skin, fat, forty
with a decrease in blood flow what goes along with that?
takes longer to metabolize drugs (toxicity)
intermittent diarrhea or constipation?
irritable bowel syndrome
what do you do if IBS?
eat small frequent meals
what will IBS not do?
won’t show up on scan
what are the 3 types of abdominal pain?
visceral
parietal
referred
from internal organ (dull, general, precisely localized
visceral pain
inflammation of overlying peritoneum (sharp, poorly localized, aggravated by movement) everywhere
parietal pain
from disorder in one area to another
referred pain
what is an example of parietal pain?
ruptured appendix
burning
peptic ulcer
cramping
biliary colic/renal stone
severe cramping
appendicitis
stabbing
pancreatitis
severe cramping starts at belly button and moves to RLQ
appendicitis
gradual onset of pain
infection
acute pain; awakens patient
duodenal cancer
LOC changes
acute pancreatitis, perforated ulcer, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, intestinal obstruction
It is important to find out adolescents
body image and food diary
what is the order of an abdomen assessment
inspect
ascultate
percuss
palpate
what is important when assessing infants?
have them stay in moms lap
what is important when inspecting
pillow under head and knees to relax stomach contour characteristic pulsations movements
what do you use when listening to the bowels and aorta
bowels–diaphragm
aorta–bell
what do you listen to?
4 quadrants for bowel sounds
aorta, R/L renal aorta, R/L iliac arteries
rumbling of the guts
borborygmus
what are the four types of contour that describe the nutritional state?
flat
rounded
scaphoid (sunken in)
protuberant (severe out)
swooshing over arteries
murmur
what do you percuss?
liver and 4 quads and CVA tenderness
what should you hear over liver?
dull
what should you hear over 4 quads
tympany throughout
what do you percuss CVA tenderness for?
kidneys
What do you palpate?
4 quads light
4 quads deep
R costal margin for liver
midline aorta
how do you palpate the liver?
shove against costal margin or hooking technique
rebound tenderness
blumberg’s sign
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
take a deep breath and palpate gallbladder will hurt on inspiration
murphy sign (inspiratory arrest)
use when acute abdominal pain of appendicitis is suspected..lift leg..pain will be in RLQ
iliopsoas muscle test
when does a newborns umbilical stump dry?
2 weeks
when does a umbilical hernia appear
2-3 weeks and disappears by 1 year
what does an infant have
abdomen respiratory movement
when palpating an infant have mom
flex knee with one hand and palpate with the other
what is normally palpable in an infant
liver
what is important to watch when palpating
facial expressions
fast food–colicy pain
gallbladder
shoulder pain
gallbladder
burning pain under rib cage—laying down at night and burning
drink milk and crackers
what tributes heartburn
obesity
lymph organ making lymphocytes to fight for us
spleen
what do we not palpate for?
spleen
why do we not palpate for spleen?
it could rupture and we could bleed to death
what can expand to 3xs its size?
spleen
what is protected by back of ribcage?
kidneys
