Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment Rain > Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Heart and Neck Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Precordium

A

Area on the anterior chest directly over the heart and great vessels (outside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mediastinum

A

The heart and great vessels are located between the lungs in the middle third of the thoracic cage called the mediastinum. (Inside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apex of the heart

A

The bottom of the heart, you can plapate the apical impulse on some people at the 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Base of the heart

A

The top of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PMI

A

Point of maximal impulse found at 5 ICS Mid clavicular line on the apex of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pulmonary veins dump into

A

the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

connect valve to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heart Anatomy

A 
Lies in thoracic cavity
Behind sternum			
Left of mid-line
Precordium
Base
Apex
12cm x 8cm x 6cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pericardium

A

tough fibrous, double walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atrioventricular valves-

A

mitral (left) and tricuspid (right)
separate the atria and the ventricals

Purpose: to maintain unidirectional blood flow through the chambers of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular wall of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endocardium

A

thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the chambers of the heart and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Semilunar valves-

A

aortic (left side) and pulmonic (right side)

set between the ventricals and the arteries

Purpose: to maintain unidirectional blood flow through the chambers of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Great Vessels

A

These blood vessels circulate blood to and from the body and the lungs.

Superior Vena Cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How Does Blood Pump Through the Body?

A

Closed System: Heart and Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Left coronary artery
Left anterior descending
Right coronary artery
Left circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

s3 heart sound

A

S3-ventricular filling

comes after diastole

can mean congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

s4 heart sound (atrial kick)

A

S4-atrial contraction

comes before systole

can mean congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

s1 heart sound (lub)

A

occurs with closure of the av valves and signals the beginning of systole

the mitral component is the 1st sound followed by the tricuspid component . can be heard together all over the precordium but loudest at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S2 heart sound (dub)

A

occurs with closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole

s2 is the loudest at the base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The ____ atrium and _____ ventrical are facing forward as the heart sits inside the body

A

Right, right

The heart is positioned twisted slightly to the left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Blood flow-

A 
From Liver/ head- upper extremeties - 
through superior and inferior vena cava- 
to right atrium- 
through tricuspid-
into right ventrical -
through pulmonic valve -
to pulmonary artery- 
to lungs - 
pulmonary veins - 
left atrium - 
through mitral valve-
to left ventrical-
through aortric valve - 
to aorta

flows from high pressure to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior

A

front

24
Q

Posterior

A

Back

25
Q

viceral

A

near the organ

26
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

brings unoxengenate blood up from the feet and legs

27
Q

Widow maker

A

left coronary artery

28
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

calcification of aorta

29
Q

aortic valve problems cause

A

shortness of breath

30
Q

erbs point

A

3rd ICS on left

where all heart sounds are heard the same loudness

31
Q

systolic murmur=

A

lub swish dub

32
Q

diastolic murmur=

A

lub dub swish

33
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

backflow into the mitral valve

34
Q

Mitral valve closure can be heard at

A

Apex. 5th left ICS @MCL

35
Q

Tricuspid valve closure can be heard at

A

Left SB @ 4th Left ICS

36
Q

Pulmonic valve closure can be heard at

A

2nd left ICS @ SB

37
Q

Aortic valve closure can be heard at

A

2nd right ICS @ SB

38
Q

MURMURS

A 
Blowing, swishing sound related to turbulent blood flow.
May be caused by:
Increased velocity of blood flow
Decreased viscosity of blood (anemia)
Valvular/structural defects
39
Q

Grade iv heart murmur

A

loud, with a palpable thrill

40
Q

Systolic Murmurs:

A
  • Aortic Stenosis

- Mitral Regurgitation

41
Q

Diastolic Murmurs:

A

Aortic Regurgitation

-Mitral Stenosis

42
Q

Aortic heart murmurs will radiate to the

A

neck

43
Q

Mitral heart murmurs will radiate to the

A

axillary

44
Q

Bundle Branch block

A

a block in electrical flow in the heart at the av node

45
Q

Older adults

A

myocardium more fibrous.
sa node more fibrous.
valves calcify
systolic pressure stays the same, distolic pressure gets higher

46
Q

paroxymal dyspnea

A

waking up with labored breathing that comes and goes thoughout the right

47
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath when you lay down

48
Q

JVD

A

jugular vein distention

right ventricular/valvular failure

lay at a 35 degree angle to test

49
Q

Heart rate for a newborn

A

100-180 bpm

murmurs common in the 1st 2-3 days

50
Q

Systole the ____ and ______ valves are open

A

pulmonic and aortic

51
Q

Diatole the ______ and ______ valves are open

A

tricuspid and mitral (AV)

52
Q

Electrical Conduction Through the Heart

A

SA node in right atrium starts electrical current
Passes through AV node in atrial septum
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers in myocardium of ventricles
EKG records electrical current
Depolarization (p wave and QRS complex)
Repolarization (T wave)

53
Q

Developmental Considerations

A

FETUS-changes at birth include closure of patent ductus arteriosus within 24-48 hours
INFANT-at birth, systemic vascular resistance increases; pulmonary vascular resistance decreases causing blood to flow to pulmonary arteries; which closes interatrial foramen ovale within 1 hour of birth
INFANT- heart lies more horizontally in thoracic cavity
CHILD - By age 7, adult heart position is achieved

54
Q

Developmental Considerations-

Older Adults

A

Myocardium becomes more rigid, delaying contractility and irritability
Atherosclerotic changes cause dilation and tortuosity of aorta and carotid arteries

55
Q

SUBJECTIVE DATA

A 
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Cough
Fatigue
Cyanosis or pallor
Edema
Nocturia
56
Q

LIFT:

A

slightly more sustained than normal.

occurs with right ventrical hypertrophy as found in pulmonic valve disease, pulmonic hyperstension, and chronic lung disease

57
Q

HEAVE:

A

EXCESSIVE thrust of heart against chest wall

Health Assessment Rain (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions