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Thorax / Breast Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four parts of the bony thorax?

A

Sternum

Ribs

Thoracic vertebrae

Costal cartiliages

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2
Q

The ribs make up the _____ borders of the bony thorax

anterior, lateral, or posterior

A

Lateral borders

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3
Q

The sternum makes up the _____ border of the bony thorax

anterior, lateral, or posterior

A

anterior

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4
Q

The thoracic vertebrae makes up the _____ boundary

anterior, lateral, or posterior

A

posterior

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5
Q

Where is the sternum bone located?

A

midline and anterior to the thorax

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6
Q

The xiphoid tip is the most inferior portion of the sternum.

True or False

A

True

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7
Q

What is the angle of louis

]hint this is part of the sternum.

A

Its the junction of the body (biggest part of sternum) to the manubrium (biggest part)

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8
Q

The manubrium is the most uppermost superior section of the sternum

True or False

A

True

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9
Q

What is the manubrium of the sternum?

A

uppermost superior section .

it articulates with the first two pairs of ribs and the clavicles.

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10
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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11
Q

How many false ribs do we have?

A

5 pairs

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12
Q

The first __ pairs of ribs are called the “true ribs”

7 . 8 or 9

A

7 pairs are called true ribs

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13
Q

The 11th and 12th pair of ribs are often called ________ ribs.

A

Floating

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14
Q

The hilum of the left lung is higher than the hilum of the right lung.

True or False?

A

true

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15
Q

What is the function of valves in the heart?

A

to prevent backflow

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16
Q

The sternum, ribs and clavical are all part of the ____ thorax.

A

bony thorax

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17
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

its a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid away from tissues and into the venous circulation.

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18
Q

What is the main vessel of the lymphatic system?

A

the thoracic duct

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19
Q

The apex is formed by which ventricle?

Left or right?

A

left.

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20
Q

Which direction does the apex of the heart angle?

A

it points inferiorly, anteriorly and to the left.

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21
Q

10% of total cardiac volume of each beat is required solely for supply to the heart muscle.

A

True

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22
Q

Name the three layers of the heart.

A

Epicardium,
myocardium
endocardium

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23
Q

Which is the endothelial INNER layer of the heart?

A

endocardium

ENDO means inside.

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24
Q

Which layer of the heart is the middle?

and is this layer thick or thin?

A

Myocardium

THICK

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25
Which level of the heart is the cardiac muscle within?
Myocardium
26
Name the outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
27
Is the left ventricle or the right ventricle the most inferior portion of the heart?
the left ventricle it is in the apex of the heart.
28
The aorta gets its blood supply from the left ventricle. True or False
True. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.
29
Name the order in which blood circulates in the heart. left ventricle, right ventricle, left and right atriums.
Right atrium (gets the deoxygenated blood from IVC), This blood is sent to the right ventricle and gets the deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and forces it to the lungs it then goes to the left atrium once the blood is oxygenated from the lungs, and sends it to the left ventricle which then gives it to the aorta.
30
What is the largest artery of the body?
AORTA
31
What are the three main branches of the aortic arch?
1st branch : brachiocephalic 2) left common carotid 3) left subclavian artery.
32
The superior vena cava (SVC) drains the upper part of the body where as the Inferior vena cava (IVC) drains your lower half. True or False
True
33
What is the difference between the thoracic inlet and the thoracic outlet?
the thoracic inlet is at the top of the ribs and thoracic is at the bottom (at level of the floating ribs)
34
Why is the right lung shorter than the left?
because the liver is in the way.
35
What are the three parts of the lungs?
apex, base and hilum
36
Where is the apex of the lung located?
the superior part
37
Where are the blood vessels, nerves and other vessels located within the lungs?
in the hilum of each lung
38
The visceral pleura is the INNER layer of the lung. True or false?
TRUE
39
The parietal pleura is the outer layer that is in contact with the ribs True or False
True
40
The lungs rest on what dome-shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen?
the diaphragm
41
What is the mediastinum?
the midline region of the thoracic cavities.
42
The thymus gland produces what?
thymosin
43
The thoracic duct is the main vessel of the lymph node system, draining all lymph fluid below the diahpram as well as the _____ side of the body above the diaphragm. Left or right?
LEFT
44
The right lymphatic duct trains what?
from the right upper side of the body and it empties into the subclavian.
45
There are three layers of the heart. What are they?
Pericardium myocardium endocardium
46
The sac is enclosed within what layer of the heart/
the outter part, the pericardium
47
The interatrial septum is the septum between what parts of the heart?
the two atriums.
48
The interventricular septum is between what two parts of the heart?
the two ventricles.
49
The triscuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle..
True
50
The BIcuspid valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
True
51
The SVC, IVC, and pulmonary veins are all vessels that ENTER the heart.
True. THe SVC AND IVC are carrying dirty blood to the heart, and the pulmonary veins are carrying good blood to the left atrium.
52
The aorta is a vessel that EXITS the heart.
True
53
Subcutaneous layers of the breast are composed of skin and fat. True ?
True
54
What is the tail of Spence in pertains to the breast?
it is the part closest to the arm and borders the armpit
55
What are the two main divisions of circulation of the heart?
pulmonary and systemic
56
Pulmonary circulation means blood is going from the heart to the ____ ?
Lungs
57
Systemic heart circulation means blood going from the heart to the _____ and back.
Rest of the body.
58
What are the two layers of the pericardium (sac enclosing the heart)
``` Fibrous (outer) and serous (inner) ```
59
What is the main functions of atria ? (like the right and left atria)
The receive incoming blood
60
What is the main function of the ventricles?
to pump blood out.
61
The tricuspid valve is located between the ___ atrium and ____ ventricle.
The right atrium and right ventricle
62
The bicuspid valve is located between the ___ atrium and the ____ ventricle.
Left ventricle and left atrium
63
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
64
where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
between left ventricle and aorta.
65
What vessel provides the entire body with OXYGENATED blood?
the aorta
66
The right and left iliac veins, the ivc and the right atrium all are part of the IVC flow system.
True
67
THe _____ venous system provides bilateral circulation between the IVC and SVC.
Azygos venous system | azygos vein and the hemiazygos vein
68
Where is the trachea located?
anterior to the esophagus and vertebra
69
The ride at the point of the tracheal bifurication is called the carina. True or False
True
70
The trachea bifurcates into the right and left primary bronchi at what level of the T spine?
T4-5
71
When we take deep breaths in, what happens to our diaphragm?
it moves down inferiorly

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