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MRI > Abdomen Pathology > Flashcards

Abdomen Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What abdominal organ is the most commonly injured solid organ ?

A

the spleen

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2
Q

What are some finding that we should look for when scanning an abdominal trauma scan?

A

1) hemoperitoneum
2) Hematomas
3) Lacerations or contusions

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3
Q

In terms of an unborn fetus, what is gastroschisis?

GASTRO - SKI-SIS

A

It is when the bowel and abdominal contents herniate outside of the body and not covered by any peritoneal coverings.

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4
Q

Gastroschsis will have be coming out of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord.

A

True

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5
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

It is when the abdominal contents herniate outside of the body but are covered by the peritoneal covering.

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6
Q

Omphaloceles are often seen in what trisomies ?

A

13 and 18

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7
Q

What is polycystic disease?

A

it is hereditary disease in which multiple cysts form on the kidneys, making them enlarged.

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8
Q

Patients with PKD (polycystic kidneys) tend to have higher blood pressure and kidney infections. Why is this?

A

Because the kidneys have cysts on them, enlarging the kidneys, and that in return will disrupt the kidney function.

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9
Q

If a patient has PKD, what other disorder can they have too?

A

a brain aneurysm, or cysts on other organs.

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10
Q

What is the prognosis of PKD?

A

it will get worse slowly eventually ending in end-stage kidney failure.

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11
Q

What are symptoms of PKD?

A

abdomen pain, blood in urine, excessive urinating, high blood pressure.

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12
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are associated with what type of cancer?

A

esophageal.

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13
Q

Squamous cell esophageal cancer is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption.

True or False

A

true :O

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14
Q

women are more likely to get esophageal cancer than men.

True or False

A

false!!

obese men are more likely.

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15
Q

Pneumonia, difficultly swallowing, severe weight loss, and spread of tumor to other parts of body describes the symptoms of what kind of cancer?

A

esophogeal.

Not usually curable.

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16
Q

Abdomen fullness, dark stools, excessive belching, loss of appetite, n/v, weakness, fatigue

signs of what type of cancer?

A

gastric carcinoma

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17
Q

Gastric tumors located in the lower stomach have a ___ cure rate than those in the higher stomach.
Higher or lower?

A

Lower stomach tumors have a HIGHER cure rate.

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18
Q

What is the appendix and what is it called when its inflammed?

A

it is a small pouch attached to the beginning of the large intestines

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19
Q

Symtpoms of appendicitis?

A

fever, high white blood cell count, vomiting, nausea, and pain to the right lower pelvic area.

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20
Q

Pain in the right lower side of the pelvis associated with appendicitis is called the ______ point.

A

McBurney

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21
Q

What is ascites?

A

the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen cavity, most likely from congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, or cancer

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22
Q

Whats the most common source of ascites?

A

liver disease or cirrhosis caused by portal hypertension

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

prolonged alcoholism.

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24
Q

Mesenteric abdominal cysts occur in what area?

A

mesentery and extends into the duodenum and all the way to rectum

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25
Q

Omental abdominal cysts occur in what area of the gastrointestinal system?

A

anterior part of the abdominal wall in the area of the stomach and colon

26
Q

Which is more common? mesenteric abdominal cysts or omental abdominal cysts?

A

Mesenteric

says its 4fold more likely.

27
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the rectum and colon.

28
Q

Where do ulcers form in a person with colitis?

A

where inflammation has killed the chells that usually line the colon and then bleed, producing pus :O

29
Q

What is the age rage of colitis?

A

15-30 years old and can be hereditary, and higher in jewish and white ppl.

30
Q

signs / symptoms of colitis?

A

most commonly bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

also fatigue, weight loss, loss o fappetite, rectal bleeding, join pain. high WBC count

31
Q

an ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract most commonly in the ileum (small intestines)

resulting in pain and diarrhea,

A

Crohns

32
Q

Age range and hereditary?

A

Yes its hereditary just like colitis, 20-30 year olds, and jewish people/black people at risk.

33
Q

What is another word for iletitis or enteritis?

A

Crohns

34
Q

What is a complication that can occur with Crohns?

A

blockage of the intestines because of the inflammation. it causes the wall to thicken up narrowing the passage way.

35
Q

Liver abscesses may occur when bacteria or amebas reach the liver by an infected gallbladder, wound, or an infection in the blood stream.

True or False

A

True

36
Q

Can you get an abscess in your spleen?

A

yes, it travels thru the blood stream caausing left sides abdominal pain or left shoulder pain

37
Q

You can get cirrhosis without being an alcoholic.

True or false

A

True. From having a fatty liver.

Its called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

38
Q

Is primary liver cancer very common in the US?

A

NO, usually there’s a cancer elsewhere that spreads to the liver. (mets)

39
Q

What is the term for “liver cancer”

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

40
Q

Ppl with cirrhosis are more at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

True or False

A

True, and ppl who have hep C and B.

41
Q

Is a hemangioma a cancerous or benign liver mass?

A

benign :), its a cluster of tiny blood vessels formed into a tumor

42
Q

If a patient is found to have a hepatic adenoma , they can turn into hepatocellular carcinoma.

A

True

43
Q

if a female has been on oral birth control, she’s at risk for what kind of liver tumor?

A

Hepatic adenoma

most at risk for rupture :O

44
Q

People that have a fatty liver will have ______ liver enzyme test.

Elevated/ Low

A

elevated

45
Q

a disease in which there is an accumulation of coppler bulit up in the brain, liver and other organs

A

Wilsons

the gene that is responsibile for helping the liver get rid of coppler is defective.

46
Q

What do patients with “wilsons disease” present with?

A

jaundice, swelling of abdomen, acute liver failure or death.

47
Q

The liver naturally helps the body rid itself of coppler

True or False

A

True

48
Q

When removing the gallbladder, what is a complication that can occur?

A

injury to the common bile duct, causing a leak or narrowing of the duct.

49
Q

Cancer of the bile ducts is called what?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

50
Q

Symptom of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

jaundice because the mass is obstructing the CBD.

51
Q

What is the “whipple procedure” and what kind of cancer is it used for?

A

Pancreatic cancer

Susans mom had this

52
Q

What is a TIPS proceudre stand for and what type of liver disease would you do for this?

A

Cirrhosis w/ portal hypertension. Helps with ascites or varices.

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

53
Q

What is the function of bile and what organ creates it?

A

to help digest fat.

its created by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

54
Q

Women are more at risk for having gallbladder issues.

True or False

A

TRUE.

also native american ppl.

55
Q

What is the sudden inflammation of the gallbladder called?

A

acute cholecystitis caused by stones in the gallbladder.

56
Q

S/S of cholecystitis?

A

pain in RUQ, fever, nausea, jaundice

57
Q

Gallstones are made up of cholesterol but have NOTHING to do with cholesterol in the blood.

A

True

58
Q

What is it called when you have a stone in your common bile duct?

A

choledocholothiasis

59
Q

What is it called when there is too much iron in your system or GI tract

A

hemochromatosis

60
Q

When a patient has an increase of bilirubin in their blood, what can this do?

A

cause jaundice

61
Q

What is the most common organ to experience trauama?

A

spleen

62
Q

What are symptoms of an abscess?

A

constant abdomen pain and a fever.

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