Abdomen Pathology Flashcards by Kimberly G

What abdominal organ is the most commonly injured solid organ ?

the spleen

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What are some finding that we should look for when scanning an abdominal trauma scan?

1) hemoperitoneum
2) Hematomas
3) Lacerations or contusions

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In terms of an unborn fetus, what is gastroschisis?

GASTRO - SKI-SIS

It is when the bowel and abdominal contents herniate outside of the body and not covered by any peritoneal coverings.

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Gastroschsis will have be coming out of the abdomen just to the right of the umbilical cord.

True

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What is an omphalocele?

It is when the abdominal contents herniate outside of the body but are covered by the peritoneal covering.

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Omphaloceles are often seen in what trisomies ?

13 and 18

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What is polycystic disease?

it is hereditary disease in which multiple cysts form on the kidneys, making them enlarged.

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Patients with PKD (polycystic kidneys) tend to have higher blood pressure and kidney infections. Why is this?

Because the kidneys have cysts on them, enlarging the kidneys, and that in return will disrupt the kidney function.

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If a patient has PKD, what other disorder can they have too?

a brain aneurysm, or cysts on other organs.

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What is the prognosis of PKD?

it will get worse slowly eventually ending in end-stage kidney failure.

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What are symptoms of PKD?

abdomen pain, blood in urine, excessive urinating, high blood pressure.

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Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are associated with what type of cancer?

esophageal.

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Squamous cell esophageal cancer is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption.

True or False

true :O

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women are more likely to get esophageal cancer than men.

True or False

false!!

obese men are more likely.

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Pneumonia, difficultly swallowing, severe weight loss, and spread of tumor to other parts of body describes the symptoms of what kind of cancer?

esophogeal.

Not usually curable.

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Abdomen fullness, dark stools, excessive belching, loss of appetite, n/v, weakness, fatigue

signs of what type of cancer?

gastric carcinoma

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Gastric tumors located in the lower stomach have a ___ cure rate than those in the higher stomach.
Higher or lower?

Lower stomach tumors have a HIGHER cure rate.

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What is the appendix and what is it called when its inflammed?

it is a small pouch attached to the beginning of the large intestines

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Symtpoms of appendicitis?

fever, high white blood cell count, vomiting, nausea, and pain to the right lower pelvic area.

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Pain in the right lower side of the pelvis associated with appendicitis is called the ______ point.

McBurney

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What is ascites?

the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen cavity, most likely from congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, or cancer

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Whats the most common source of ascites?

liver disease or cirrhosis caused by portal hypertension

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What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

prolonged alcoholism.

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Mesenteric abdominal cysts occur in what area?

mesentery and extends into the duodenum and all the way to rectum

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Omental abdominal cysts occur in what area of the gastrointestinal system?

anterior part of the abdominal wall in the area of the stomach and colon

Which is more common? mesenteric abdominal cysts or omental abdominal cysts?

Mesenteric says its 4fold more likely.

What is ulcerative colitis?

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the rectum and colon.

Where do ulcers form in a person with colitis?

where inflammation has killed the chells that usually line the colon and then bleed, producing pus :O

What is the age rage of colitis?

15-30 years old and can be hereditary, and higher in jewish and white ppl.

signs / symptoms of colitis?

most commonly bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain also fatigue, weight loss, loss o fappetite, rectal bleeding, join pain. high WBC count

an ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract most commonly in the ileum (small intestines) resulting in pain and diarrhea,

Crohns

Age range and hereditary?

Yes its hereditary just like colitis, 20-30 year olds, and jewish people/black people at risk.

What is another word for iletitis or enteritis?

Crohns

What is a complication that can occur with Crohns?

blockage of the intestines because of the inflammation. it causes the wall to thicken up narrowing the passage way.

Liver abscesses may occur when bacteria or amebas reach the liver by an infected gallbladder, wound, or an infection in the blood stream. True or False

True

Can you get an abscess in your spleen?

yes, it travels thru the blood stream caausing left sides abdominal pain or left shoulder pain

You can get cirrhosis without being an alcoholic. True or false

True. From having a fatty liver. Its called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Is primary liver cancer very common in the US?

NO, usually there's a cancer elsewhere that spreads to the liver. (mets)

What is the term for "liver cancer"

hepatocellular carcinoma

Ppl with cirrhosis are more at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. True or False

True, and ppl who have hep C and B.

Is a hemangioma a cancerous or benign liver mass?

benign :), its a cluster of tiny blood vessels formed into a tumor

If a patient is found to have a hepatic adenoma , they can turn into hepatocellular carcinoma.

True

if a female has been on oral birth control, she's at risk for what kind of liver tumor?

Hepatic adenoma most at risk for rupture :O

People that have a fatty liver will have ______ liver enzyme test. Elevated/ Low

elevated

a disease in which there is an accumulation of coppler bulit up in the brain, liver and other organs

Wilsons the gene that is responsibile for helping the liver get rid of coppler is defective.

What do patients with "wilsons disease" present with?

jaundice, swelling of abdomen, acute liver failure or death.

The liver naturally helps the body rid itself of coppler True or False

True

When removing the gallbladder, what is a complication that can occur?

injury to the common bile duct, causing a leak or narrowing of the duct.

Cancer of the bile ducts is called what?

Cholangiocarcinoma

Symptom of cholangiocarcinoma?

jaundice because the mass is obstructing the CBD.

What is the "whipple procedure" and what kind of cancer is it used for?

Pancreatic cancer Susans mom had this

What is a TIPS proceudre stand for and what type of liver disease would you do for this?

Cirrhosis w/ portal hypertension. Helps with ascites or varices. transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

What is the function of bile and what organ creates it?

to help digest fat. its created by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Women are more at risk for having gallbladder issues. True or False

TRUE. also native american ppl.

What is the sudden inflammation of the gallbladder called?

acute cholecystitis caused by stones in the gallbladder.

S/S of cholecystitis?

pain in RUQ, fever, nausea, jaundice

Gallstones are made up of cholesterol but have NOTHING to do with cholesterol in the blood.

True

What is it called when you have a stone in your common bile duct?

choledocholothiasis

What is it called when there is too much iron in your system or GI tract

hemochromatosis

When a patient has an increase of bilirubin in their blood, what can this do?

cause jaundice

What is the most common organ to experience trauama?

spleen

What are symptoms of an abscess?

constant abdomen pain and a fever.