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Health Assessment midterm > Thorax And Lungs > Flashcards

Thorax And Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What is aspiration?

A

When something enters the bronchi that shouldn’t be there

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2
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Have many lobes does the right lung have?

A

2 lobes

3 lobes

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3
Q

What is pleuritis?

A

When there is no lubricant between the visceral and parietal pleura

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4
Q

What type of pressure is responsible for keeping the lungs inflated?

A

Negative pressure

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5
Q

What is the Angle of Louis and why is it important?

A

Landmark of the 2nd rib and where the trachea meets the bronchi

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6
Q

What is the different between the right and left bronchi?

A

The right bronchi is thicker and shorter; the left bronchi is thinner

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7
Q

Which ribs attach to the sternum?

A

Ribs 1-7

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8
Q

Which ribs form the costal angle?

A

Ribs 7, 8, 9, 10

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve

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10
Q

How is the costal angle affected by emphysema?

A

Can be larger than 90 degrees

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11
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

The most bony sour protruding at the base of the neck

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12
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels

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13
Q

Which lung is shorter and why?

A

The right lung because of the liver

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14
Q

What is PEEP?

A

Positive end exploratory pressure. 5 cm of water pressure

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15
Q

Where is the trachea located and what is its function?

A

In front of the esophagus. It transports air to the bronchi

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16
Q

Where is the primary site of gas exchange?

A

Alveoli

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17
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Collapse of a lung - can be partial or full

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18
Q

Is the review of systems subjective or objective data?

A

Subjective

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19
Q

What should you check for when inspecting the general appearance?

A

Glaring nostrils, supraclavicular retractions, agitated/restless

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20
Q

What are early signs of respiratory distress?

A

Tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, trying to achieve prone position, minor drop in O2 saturation, fast HR, mouth breathing

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21
Q

What should you inspect for?

A

Cyanosis, nails for clubbing, sputum, capillary refill

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22
Q

What is central cyanosis?

A

Circumoral blueness. Mouth, tongue, lips, buccal membrane

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23
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis?

A

Cyanosis in the extremities

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24
Q

What is emphysema?

A

When the lungs become boggy and have trouble pushing the air out after inspiration

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25
Q

What is kyphosis/lordosis/scoliosis?

A

“Hump back” or abnormal convexity of the spine/abnormal concavity of the lower spine/curvature of the spine

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26
Q

How do you check the configuration and contour of the thorax?

A

Check the anterior to posterior diameter

2 measurements of this should equal 1 across the chest

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27
Q

How does COPD affect the structure of the lungs?

A

In severe COPD, pts get air trapped in lungs and it pushes the rib caged out
Become barrel caged

28
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

When the chest appears caved-in or sunken

29
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

When the chest bulges out and has a birdlike appearance

30
Q

What is apnea?

A

Lack of breathing

31
Q

What is hyperventilation/tachypnea?

A

Breathing fast; RR >20

32
Q

What is Kussmaul’s breathing?

A

Fast breathing, smells sweet, DKA

33
Q

What is hypoventilation/respiratory depression?

A

RR <8; not blowing off all CO2

34
Q

What is Cheyne Stokes breathing?

A

Dying sigh/irregular breathing

35
Q

What should you palpate the trachea for?

A

Make sure it’s midline

36
Q

What should you palpate the thorax for?

A

Crepitus/tenderness/tactile fremitus (99)

37
Q

What is crepitus?

A

Subq emphysema

38
Q

What is chest wall excursion?

A

Putting thumbs in the xiphoid process and watching to make sure both sides rise and fall at the same time

39
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

An area of fluid

40
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

An infectious consolidation

41
Q

Through what do solids travel better?

A

Solids

42
Q

In what conditions can you find increased tactile fremitus?

A

Solid conductions

Pneumonia, tumor, pulmonary fibrosis

43
Q

In what conditions can you find decreased tactile fremitus?

A

Pleural effusion (fluid), pneumothorax, COPD

44
Q

During percussing, when do you hear dullness

A

Consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion

45
Q

During percussing, when do you hear hyper-resonance?

A

Pneumothorax, emphysema, asthma

46
Q

What do vesicular breathing sounds sound like?

A

Soft and low pitched

Fine rustling/swishing sound

47
Q

When are vesicular breathing sounds heard?

A

On inspiration continuously without pause until expiration

Over all posterior lung fields and anterior peripheral fields

48
Q

What do bronchial breathing sounds sound like?

A

Loud and high pitched
Tubular quality
Expiration louder than inspiration

49
Q

When are bronchial sounds heard?

A

Only anteriorly over trachea and larynx

50
Q

What are bronchovesicular breath sounds?

A

A combination of vesicular and bronchial sounds

51
Q

What are bronchovesicular sounds made of?

A

Produced by vibrations of bronchial and alveoli vibrations

52
Q

Where are bronchovesicular sounds heard best?

A

1/2 ICS, posteriorly between the scapula

53
Q

When are decreased breath sounds heard?

A

Shallow breathing, pleural effusion, COPD, pneumothorax, asthma, atelectasis

54
Q

When are increased breath sounds heard?

A

Consolidation-tumor, pneumonia

55
Q

How are crackles produced?

A

By air passing through fluid in air spaces (CHF, pneumonia)

Usually on inspiration

56
Q

What are rhonchi?

A

Deeper, rumbling sounds; low pitched, snoring quality

57
Q

What is the etiology of rhonchi?

A

Larger airways are obstructed with mucus or tumor

Clears with coughing

58
Q

What is wheezing?

A

High pitched, musical, whimsical sounds

Decrease in bronchioles or bronchi

59
Q

How is wheezing produced?

A

Produced by a narrow airway

60
Q

What is stridor?

A

Increased musical wheeze heard over the trachea on inspiration
Medical emergency

61
Q

What is a friction (pleural) rub?

A

Coarse, dry, grating sound

Sounds liken cupping hand over the ear and scratching the back of the hand

62
Q

What is the etiology of a friction rub?

A

Inflamed pleural surfaces rub

63
Q

How do you differentiate between friction rub and cardiac origin?

A

Have them hold their breath; if it continues, it’s cardiac in origin. If it stops, it’s lung origin

64
Q

What is characteristic of a normal broncophony sound?

A

Muffled sound

Abnormal: hear a clear “99”

65
Q

What is characteristic of a normal whispered pectoriloquay?

A

No noise or very faint

Abnormal: hear “99”

66
Q

What is characteristic of a normal egophony?

A

“E”

Abnormal: A

Health Assessment midterm (5 decks)

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