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Health Assessment midterm > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biggest portion of the heart?

A

The base - top of the heart

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2
Q

What is the apex of the heart known as?

A

The point of maximal impulse

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3
Q

What are of the heart works the hardest?

A

LV

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4
Q

What side of the heart is affected by CHF?

A

Left-sided heart failure

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5
Q

When does CHF occur?

A

When blood flows back into the lungs - congestive

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6
Q

What are signs and symptoms of CHF?

A

Fluid in lungs (crackles), trouble lying down when they sleep, pink frothy sputum, tachypnic, dropped O2 sats

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7
Q

What is corpulmonale?

A

Right sided heart failure

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8
Q

What are corpulmonale causes?

A

Lung problems

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9
Q

What are signs/symptoms of corpulmonale?

A

Edema (especially in lower extremities because blood returns to the RA), jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly

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10
Q

What is left ventricular hypertrophy?

A

When the muscle gets bigger

The container gets smaller

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11
Q

What happens when left ventricular hypertrophy occurs?

A

CO drops
BP decreases
HR ^
Will change the ventricular positioning in the heart from 5th intercostal space to more towards axillary line

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12
Q

___ blood flow in the right coronary artery will ___ blood flow to the sinus node

A

Decreased/decreased

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13
Q

Which section of the vein is prone to plaque build-up?

A

Intima

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14
Q

What parts of the body need to be inspected for the CV assessment?

A

Fingernails, arms, legs, check for hair distribution, cyanosis, venous patterns, color of skin for redness/pallor/brown, presence of edema or atrophy

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15
Q

What can flaky brown skin be a sign of?

A

PVD

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16
Q

What can varicose veins mean?

A

Incompetent valves in legs

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17
Q

What is chronic arterial insufficiency?

A

Arterial narrowing that reduces blood flow to an extremity

Having legs up is bad because it prevents blood from getting to extremities

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic arterial insufficiency?

A

Atherosclerosis

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19
Q

What is chronic venous insufficiency?

A

Impaired venous return to the heart because of venous HTN, damage and incompetent venous valves
Seen as blue because the blood is deoxygenated

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic venous insufficiency?

A

DVT, trauma, age, obesity

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21
Q

How do you characterize chronic arterial insufficiency pulses?

A

Decreased to absent

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22
Q

How do you characterize chronic venous insufficiency pulses?

A

Normal

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23
Q

What is the dependent position and how is it related to chronic venous insufficiency?

A

When blood is working against gravity. Prevents the blood from returning to the heart

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24
Q

Is there pain in chronic arterial insufficiency?

A 
Intermittent claudication (periods of pain and no pain)
Pain upon elevation
25
Q

Is there pain in chronic venous insufficiency?

A

None to aching pain upon dependent position

26
Q

What does jugular venous distention reflect?

A

Right arterial pressure

27
Q

What pulses must be palpated?

A 
Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
28
Q

What 3 positions will the pt be in during the CV exam?

A

Supine with HOB at 30 degrees, left side, learning forward

29
Q

Where is the aortic valve heard?

A

Right 2nd ICS, sternal border

30
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve heard?

A

Left 2nd ICS, sternal border

31
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve heard?

A

Between 3rd and 4th left ICS sternal border

32
Q

Where is the mitral valve heard?

A

Apex

Left between 5th and 6th ICS/MCL

33
Q

What is a heave?

A

When the heart is working really hard and it raises the chest wall

34
Q

Where is the most likely place to see a heave?

A

Mitral region or PMI

35
Q

Where is the PMI?

A

Normally medial to the MCL at 5th ICS

36
Q

What should you feel for when checking apical pulse?

A

Pulsations/heaves

37
Q

What is a murmur?

A

Turbulent blood flow through a valve

38
Q

What is S1/lub?

A

Ventricular contraction (closing of tricuspid/mitral valve)

39
Q

What is S2/dub?

A

Ventricular relaxation (closing of aortic/pulmonic valve)

40
Q

What is S3?

A

Extra sound between lub and dub

Can be related to CHF

41
Q

What is a bruit?

A

Turbulent blood flow in a vessel

Sounds like “sht”

42
Q

When does S4 occur?

A

Early in diastole

43
Q

What is S4?

A

A “presystolic sound”

44
Q

When does S4 occur?

A

Late in diastole

45
Q

How do you listen to an abnormal heart sound?

A

Using the bell

46
Q

What is pericardial friction rub?

A

Inflammation of the pericardial sac

47
Q

Where is pericardial friction rub best heard?

A

3rd ICS to the left of the sternum

48
Q

What does a pericardial friction rub sound like?

A

“Scratching sound”

49
Q

How can you tell the difference between pericardial friction rub and a lung issue?

A

Have the pt hold their breath. It if goes away, it’s the lungs. If it stays, it’s the heart

50
Q

When is a murmur heard?

A

When turbulence is created

51
Q

What is stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the valve opening

52
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

When there is a faulty valve and blood leaks backwards

53
Q

When does a systolic murmur occur

A

During S1 and stops before S2

54
Q

When does a diastolic murmur occur?

A

During S2 and stops before the next S1

55
Q

When does a pansystolic murmur occur?

A

Through all of S1

56
Q

When does a pandiastolic murmur occur?

A

Through all of S2

57
Q

What is the acronym for systolic murmurs?

A

MR PASS
Includes the murmurs of Mitral Regurg, Physiologic, Aortic Stenosis
- All occur between S1 and S2
Mr Pass won MVP so systolic murmurs also include Mitral Valve Prolapse.

58
Q

What is the acronym for diastolic murmurs?

A

MS ARD

Mitral Stenosis, and Aortic Regurgitaion

Health Assessment midterm (5 decks)

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