HSN

Question 1

What are some functions of the skin?

Answer 1

Protect cells from external environment
Limit loss of fluid
Barrier to microorganisms
Formation of Vitamin D
Regulation of body temperature
Fat provides insulation
Numerous sensory receptors (pain, touch, pressure)

Question 2

What is the function of the epidermis?

Answer 2

To be a protective barrier

Question 3

What are some skin changes related with aging?

Answer 3

Loss of elasticity
Sweat glands decrease in number
Melanocytes in hair decrease
Nails grow more slowly
Hair loss

Question 4

What should you inspect the skin and mucous membranes for?

Answer 4

Color, thickness, symmetry, hygiene, lesions, masses, rashes

Question 5

What characteristics should you check for when assessing lesions?

Answer 5

Location and distribution, arrangement, size, shape, color, texture, elevation/depression, exudates

Question 6

What are the ABCs of melanoma?

Answer 6

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation

Question 7

What are the basic types of skin lesions?

Answer 7

Primary and secondary lesions

Question 8

What are primary lesions?

Answer 8

Lesions that may have resulted from previously normal skin

Ex: macule, papule, vesicle, pustule, nodule, wheal

Question 9

What are secondary lesions?

Answer 9

Lesions that results from changes in primary lesions

Ex: ulcer, fissure, atrophy, crust

Question 10

What are characteristics of a nodule?

Answer 10

Small solid collection of tissue
Palpable
1-2 cm
Present in any layer of skin
Ex: tumor

Question 11

What are characteristics of a papule?

Answer 11

Raise solid lesion less than 1 cm

Ex: wart

Question 12

What are characteristics of a vesicle?

Answer 12

Small blister on the skin, usually <0.5 cm

Ex: chicken pox

Question 13

What are characteristics of a macule?

Answer 13

Flat change in skin color
Cannot be palpated
Ex: freckle

Question 14

What are characteristics of a wheal?

Answer 14

A spongy, raised flat lesion resulting from fluid build up in the dermis
Only lasts a few hours
Ex: hives, TB test

Question 15

What are petechiae?

Answer 15

Small red or purple spots on the surface of the skin

Tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels

Question 16

What are cherry angiomas?

Answer 16

A cluster of tiny dilated capillaries on the skin surface. Red and raised

Question 17

What can septic shock cause in the body?

Answer 17

Widespread petechiae

Question 18

What is acne vulgaris: pustule?

Answer 18

An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by blocked hair follicles

Question 19

What is a cyst?

Answer 19

A closed sac with a distinct membrane that can contain air, fluid, or a semi-solid material

Question 20

What is psoriasis?

Answer 20

Scaly patches on the skin

Question 21

What could fine, silky hair indicate?

Answer 21

Hyperthyroidism

Question 22

What could coarse thinning hair indicate?

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism

Question 23

What is hirsutism?

Answer 23

Male patterned hair in women

Question 24

What should one inspect the hair for?

Answer 24

Color, length, configuration, symmetry, cleanliness

Question 25

What can cause yellow disfiguration of nails?

Answer 25

Psoriasis, fungal infections, smoking

Question 26

What is a subungal hematoma?

Answer 26

A blood blister under the nail

Question 27

What is a stage 1 pressure ulcer?

Answer 27

Non-blanching erythema, redness

Question 28

What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer?

Answer 28

Partial thickness loss of the skin involving the dermis/epidermis

Question 29

What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer?

Answer 29

Full thickness tissue loss including down to the subcutaneous layer

Question 30

What is a stage 4 pressure ulcer?

Answer 30

Full loss down to bone/tendon/muscle

Question 31

What is a deep tissue injury?

Answer 31

An injury to underlying tissue resulting from pressure.

Question 32

How are DTIs different from pressure ulcers?

Answer 32

A DTI is an injury to underlying tissue. A pressure ulcer occurs to superficial skin.