Thorax and lungs Flashcards
Movement of air back and forth from the alveoli to the outside
environment.
o Gas exchange across the alveolar-pulmonary capillary membranes.
o Circulatory system transport of oxygen to, and carbon dioxide from, the
peripheral tissues?
RESPIRATION
Chest or thorax, a cage of bone, cartilage, and muscle?
Sternum
o Manubrium
o Xiphoid process
o Twelve pairs of ribs connected to the thoracic vertebrae and to the
sternum by the costal cartilages
Primary muscles of respiration
?
Diaphragm
Increase the anteroposterior chest diameter during inspiration
?
External Intercostal muscle
Increase the anteroposterior chest diameter during inspiration?
External Intercostal muscle
The diaphragm is the principle muscle of respiration
o However, the scalene & intercostal muscles assist the
diaphragm…their contraction creates a taller & wider thorax. o The lung exhales passively due to relaxation of the diaphragm & intrinsic
elastic recoil?
MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION
the diaphragm descends and accessory muscles swing ribs
up & out to increase CHEST VOLUME?
INSPIRATION
as the lung was expanding, its elastic tissue was stretched. When the diaphragm relaxes, the lung tissue recoils, and the alveoli
collapse some which raises the airway pressure above atmospheric, so air
flows out of the lung?
EXPIRATION
Primary muscles of respiration: Decrease the transverse chest diameter during expiration?
INTERIOR INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE
Primary muscles of respiration: Brought into play when there are pulmonary problems and
compromise?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID AND TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE
The_____ and elastic connective tissue together form the
fibroelastic membrane, a flexible membrane that closes the posterior surface of
the trachea, connecting the C-shaped cartilage?
TRACHEALIS MUSCLE
branches from the tertiary bronchi. Bronchioles, which are about
1 mm in diameter, further branch until they become the tiny terminal
bronchioles, which lead to the structures of gas exchange?
BRONCHIOLE
or respiratory tree) is the collective term used for these
multiple-branched bronchi. The main function of the bronchi, like other
conducting zone structures, is to provide a passageway for air to move into and
out of each lungs?
BRONCHIAL TREE
An ___ is a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli?
ALVEOLAR DUCT
An____ is one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the
alveolar ducts?
ALVEOLUS
An ___ is a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for
gas exchange?
ALVEOLAR SAC
It refers to the magnitude of change in lung volume as a result of the
change in pulmonary pressure?
LUNG COMPLIANCE
Peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties: FINGERS
CLUBBING
Peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties: BREATH
ODOR
Respiration:
Rate
o Quality
o Pattern
o Count rate while palpating
Peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties: Skin, nails, and lips
CYANOSIS OR PALLOR
Peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties: LIPS
PURSUING
Peripheral clues may suggest pulmonary or cardiac difficulties: NOSTRILS
FLARING
Normal Breathing?
12-20 breath/min and
regular