Breast and axilla Flashcards
The male and female breasts are similar until puberty, when female breast
tissue enlarges in response to the hormone’s ___ and ____, which
are released from the ovaries?
estrogen and progesterone
The nipple, which is in the center of the breast, contains the tiny openings of the
____through which milk passes?
lactiferous ducts
Female breasts consist of three tissue?
glandular,
fibrous, and
fatty (adipose)
constitutes the functional part of the breast, allowing
for milk production?
Glandular tissue
The
slight enlargement in each duct before it reaches the nipple is
called the ___?
lactiferous sinus
It provides support for the glandular tissue largely by
way of bands called Cooper’s ligaments (suspensory ligaments)?
fibrous tissue
It is the third component of the breast, this subcutaneous and retromammary fat
provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size and
shape of the?
Fatty tissue
The posterior chest
wall and part of the arms are drained by the?
posterior nodes
The major axillary lymph nodes consist of?
- anterior (pectoral), posterior(subscapular), lateral (brachial) and central (mid-axillary) nodes
The ____drain the anterior chest wall and breast?
anterior nodes
The ___ drain most of the arms?
lateral nodes
the ____ receive drainage
from the anterior, posterior, and lateral lymph nodes?
central nodes
Abnormalities Noted on Inspection of the breast: Redness, mild scaling, and flaking of the nipple may be
seen early in ___ of the nipple and then
disappear. However, this does not mean that the disease
is gone, thus further assessment is needed. Tingling,
itching, increased sensitivity, burning, discharge and
pain in the nipple are late signs of ___?
Paget’s Disease
Abnormalities Noted on Inspection of the breast: Resulting from edema, an orange peel appearance of the breast is associated with cancer?
Peau D’ Orange
Abnormalities Noted on Inspection of the breast: A ____suggests malignancy?
Retracted Nipple
Abnormalities Noted on Inspection of the breast:
It also suggests malignancy?
Dimpling
Abnormalities Noted on Inspection of the breast:
____tissue suggest malignancy?
Retracted breast tissue
Abnormalities Noted on Palpation of the Breast: These lesions are lobular, ovoid, or round. They are
firm, well defined, seldom tender, and usually singular
and
mobile. They occur more commonly between puberty
and menopause?
Fibroadenomas
Abnormalities Noted on Palpation of the Breast: These are irregular, firm, hard, not defined masses that
may be fixed or mobile. They are not usually tender and
usually occur after age 50?
Cancerous Tumors
Abnormalities Noted on Palpation of the Breast:
Also called fibrocystic breast disease, benign breast
disease is marked by round, elastic, defined, tender, and
mobile cysts. The condition is most common from age
30 to menopause, after which it decreases?
Benign Breast Disease
the biological process of producing and secreting
milk from the mammary glands in response to
hormonal changes, typically occurring after
childbirth. It provides nutrition to infants and is
essential for their growth and development.?
LACTATION
a medical term that describes a skin appearance
that resembles the texture of an orange peel. This
condition is often associated with certain types of
breast cancer, where the skin overlying the tumor
becomes thickened, pitted, and dimpled. It can
indicate lymphatic obstruction and inflammation,
signaling a more advanced stage of disease?
Peau D’ Orange
refers to a condition where the skin over the breast
appears to have small indentations or pitting,
resembling the surface of an orange?
Dimpling
refers to a nipple that is pulled inward or appears
flattened rather than protruding outward. This
condition can be a normal anatomical variation, but
it can also indicate underlying issues, such as
mastitis, benign condition, and breast cancer?
Retracted Nipple
a rare form of breast cancer that typically presents
with changes in the skin and nipple of the breast.
Symptoms may include redness, irritation, scaling,
and discharge from the nipple. It is often associated
with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive
breast cancer?
Paget’s Disease
refers to the tissue of the breast that appears pulled
inward or flattened rather than protruding outward?
Retracted Breast Tissue
a mass of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably
and can invade surrounding tissues. These tumors can be classified as malignant tumors and benign
tumors?
Cancerous Tumor
refers to a variety of non-cancerous conditions that
affect breast tissue. These conditions can cause
symptoms such as lumps, pain, and changes in
breast texture or appearance, but they do not
increase the risk of developing breast cancer?
Benign Breast Disease
are benign (non-cancerous) tumors of the breast
that are composed of glandular and fibrous tissue.
They are most commonly found in young women,
typically between the ages of 15 and 35, but can
occur at any age?
Fibroadenomas
the enlargement of breast tissue in males, often due
to an imbalance between testosterone and estrogen
levels. It can occur in one or both breasts and may
cause tenderness or discomfort?
Gynecomastia
refers to a condition characterized by lumpy or
rope-like breast tissue that often includes the
presence of fluid-filled cysts. This is a common and
benign condition, especially in women of
reproductive age?
Fibrocystic Breast
a technique that individuals can use to check their
breasts for any changes or abnormalities. The goal
of BSE is to increase awareness of the normal state
of one’s breasts and to help detect any potential
issues early, such as lumps, changes in shape or
size, or unusual skin changes?
Breast Self- Examination
monthly series of changes a woman’s body goes
through to prepare for the possibility of pregnancy.
It typically lasts about 28 days but can range from
21 to 35 days in adults?
Menstrual Cycle
type of cancer that develops from the cells of the
breast. It can occur in both men and women, but it
is far more common in women?
Breast Cancer
is one that is protruding outward rather than being
flat or inverted. Everted nipples are considered
normal anatomical variations and can occur in both
men and women?
Everted Nipple
