Heart and Central vessels Flashcards
The main function of the ___ is to circulate blood through the body and lungs.
▪ Two separate circulations Located in the mediastinum?
HEART
Position variance of the heart?
o Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia
area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels?
PRECORDIUM
If the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver to
the left, this habitus is termed?
SITUS INVERSUS
Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?
PERICARDIUM
Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?
MYOCARDIUM
Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?
ENDOCARDIUM
Two-phases of cardiac cycle?
SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE
Ventricles contract.
o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound)?
SYSTOLE
Mitral and tricuspid valves open.
▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound).
▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood
into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby
moving blood from the atria to the ventricles.
▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled.
▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound?
DIASTOLE
Normally diastole is silent event
▪ However, in some conditions, ventricular filling creates
vibrations that can be heard over chest?
S3 (Third heart sound)
permit the flow of blood in only one direction?
VALVES
Occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle
resistant to filling.
o Atria contract and push blood into noncompliant
ventricle.
o This creates vibrations that are heard as?
S4 (Fourth heart sound)
Blood circulating through normal cardiac chambers and
valves usually makes no noise.
▪ However, some conditions create turbulent blood flow
and collision currents, much like a pile of stones or
a sharp turn in a stream creates a noisy water flow and r is a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that
can be heard on chest wall?
MURMURS
heart is positioned at?
3rd to 6th intercostal cartilage.
Position of the variance at the person’s?
Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia
Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?
PERICARDIUM
Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?
MYOCARDIUM
Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?
ENDOCARDIUM
This is the valves that separate atria and ventricles? It is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve?
AtrioVentricular valves
It is the right AV valve?
TRICUSPID
Also called as mitral valve, left AV valve?
BICUSPID
This valves are set between ventricles and arteries?
SEMILUNAR VALVES
It is a semilunar valve that is in right side of heart?
PULMONIC VALVE
Semilunar valve that is in the left side of the heart?
AORTIC VALVE
___ : permit the flow of blood in only one direction?
VALVES
To help ensure proper circulation, the heart contracts and
relaxes rhythmically, creating a two-phase___?
CARDIAC CYCLE
Two-phase of cardiac cycle are?
SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE
Ventricles contract.
o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound).
o Pressure continues to rise.
o Aortic and pulmonic valves open.
▪ Blood ejected into arteries.
o Pressure falls?
SYSTOLE
▪ Mitral and tricuspid valves open.
▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound).
▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood
into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby
moving blood from the atria to the ventricles.
▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled.
▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound)?
DIASTOLE
______enables the heart to contract
within itself
▪ Coordinates the sequence of muscular contractions taking place during
the cardiac cycle?
Intrinsic electrical conduction system
All heart sounds are described by?
- FREQUENCY or Pitch
-INTENSITY or Loudness
-DURATION
-TIMING
Sinoatrial node or SA node is also known as?
PEACEMAKER
What to note for extra heart sounds characteristics?
LOCATION
TIMING
RATE
RHYTHM
Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Double systolic peak Pure aortic regurgitation
Combined aortic stenosis and
regurgitation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Bisferiens Pulse
Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular rhythm
Changes in amplitude from
beat to beat
Left ventricular failure?
Pulsus Alternans
Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular, irregular rhythm Alternates in amplitude?
Bigeminal Pulse
Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Palpable decrease in pulse
amplitude.
Pulse becomes stronger
with expiration
Pericardial tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Obstructive lung disease?
Paradoxical Pulse
Ventricular Impulses: A diffuse ___ left during systole at the lower sternal border, a
lift or heave is associated with right ventricular hypertrophy
caused by pulmonic valve disease.
LIFT
Ventricular Impulses:palpated over the second and third intercostal space;
a thrill may indicate severe aortic stenosis and systemic
hypertension. A thrill is palpated over the second and third
intercostal spaces may indicate pulmonic stenosis and pulmonic
hypertension?
THRILL
Extra Heart Sounds: Heard during early systole at the second right intercostal space
and apex. Occurs with opening of the aortic valve and does not
change with respiration?
Aortic Ejection
Click
Extra Heart Sounds: Has a low frequency and is heard best using the bell of the
stethoscope at the apical area or lower ventricular area of the
chest with the patient in left lateral position. Usually associated
with MI, CHF. ?
S2 (Ventricular
Gallop)
Extra Heart Sounds:Is a low frequency sound occurring at the end of diastole when
the atria contract. It is caused by vibrations from blood flowing
rapidly into the ventricles after atrial contractions?
S4 (Atrial Gallop)
Extra Heart Sounds:Is a congenital anomaly that leaves an open channel between
the aorta and pulmonary artery. Found over the second left
intercostal space that may radiate to the left clavicle?
Patent Ductus
Arteriosus
Extra Heart Sounds:Usually heard best in the third intercostal space to the left of
the sternum caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac. A
high pitch scratchy, scraping sound the rub may increase with
exhalation and when patient lean forward?
Pericardial
Friction Rub
o Abnormally high pressure in left side of heart gives a person
symptom of?
PULMONARY CONGESTION
Abnormally high pressure in right side of heart shows in?
NECK AND ABDOMEN
This is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence;
normally none is present?
BRUIT
