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Health Assessment > Heart and Central vessels > Flashcards

Heart and Central vessels Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the ___ is to circulate blood through the body and lungs.
▪ Two separate circulations Located in the mediastinum?

A

HEART

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2
Q

Position variance of the heart?

A

o Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia

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3
Q

area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels?

A

PRECORDIUM

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4
Q

If the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver to
the left, this habitus is termed?

A

SITUS INVERSUS

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5
Q

Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?

A

PERICARDIUM

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6
Q

Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?

A

MYOCARDIUM

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6
Q

Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?

A

ENDOCARDIUM

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7
Q

Two-phases of cardiac cycle?

A

SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE

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7
Q

Ventricles contract.
o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound)?

A

SYSTOLE

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8
Q

Mitral and tricuspid valves open.
▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound).
▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood
into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby
moving blood from the atria to the ventricles.
▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled.
▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound?

A

DIASTOLE

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9
Q

Normally diastole is silent event
▪ However, in some conditions, ventricular filling creates
vibrations that can be heard over chest?

A

S3 (Third heart sound)

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10
Q

permit the flow of blood in only one direction?

A

VALVES

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11
Q

Occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle
resistant to filling.
o Atria contract and push blood into noncompliant
ventricle.
o This creates vibrations that are heard as?

A

S4 (Fourth heart sound)

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12
Q

Blood circulating through normal cardiac chambers and
valves usually makes no noise.
▪ However, some conditions create turbulent blood flow
and collision currents, much like a pile of stones or
a sharp turn in a stream creates a noisy water flow and r is a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that
can be heard on chest wall?

A

MURMURS

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13
Q

heart is positioned at?

A

3rd to 6th intercostal cartilage.

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14
Q

Position of the variance at the person’s?

A

Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia

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15
Q

Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?

A

PERICARDIUM

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15
Q

Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?

A

MYOCARDIUM

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16
Q

Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?

A

ENDOCARDIUM

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17
Q

This is the valves that separate atria and ventricles? It is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve?

A

AtrioVentricular valves

17
Q

It is the right AV valve?

A

TRICUSPID

17
Q

Also called as mitral valve, left AV valve?

A

BICUSPID

18
Q

This valves are set between ventricles and arteries?

A

SEMILUNAR VALVES

18
Q

It is a semilunar valve that is in right side of heart?

A

PULMONIC VALVE

18
Q

Semilunar valve that is in the left side of the heart?

A

AORTIC VALVE

19
Q

___ : permit the flow of blood in only one direction?

A

VALVES

20
Q

To help ensure proper circulation, the heart contracts and
relaxes rhythmically, creating a two-phase___?

A

CARDIAC CYCLE

21
Q

Two-phase of cardiac cycle are?

A

SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE

22
Q

Ventricles contract.
o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound).
o Pressure continues to rise.
o Aortic and pulmonic valves open.
▪ Blood ejected into arteries.
o Pressure falls?

A

SYSTOLE

23
Q

▪ Mitral and tricuspid valves open.
▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound).
▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood
into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby
moving blood from the atria to the ventricles.
▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled.
▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound)?

A

DIASTOLE

24
Q

______enables the heart to contract
within itself
▪ Coordinates the sequence of muscular contractions taking place during
the cardiac cycle?

A

Intrinsic electrical conduction system

25
Q

All heart sounds are described by?

A
  • FREQUENCY or Pitch
    -INTENSITY or Loudness
    -DURATION
    -TIMING
26
Q

Sinoatrial node or SA node is also known as?

A

PEACEMAKER

26
Q

What to note for extra heart sounds characteristics?

A

LOCATION
TIMING
RATE
RHYTHM

27
Q

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Double systolic peak Pure aortic regurgitation
Combined aortic stenosis and
regurgitation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Bisferiens Pulse

28
Q

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular rhythm
Changes in amplitude from
beat to beat
Left ventricular failure?

A

Pulsus Alternans

28
Q

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular, irregular rhythm Alternates in amplitude?

A

Bigeminal Pulse

28
Q

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Palpable decrease in pulse
amplitude.
Pulse becomes stronger
with expiration
Pericardial tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Obstructive lung disease?

A

Paradoxical Pulse

28
Q

Ventricular Impulses: A diffuse ___ left during systole at the lower sternal border, a
lift or heave is associated with right ventricular hypertrophy
caused by pulmonic valve disease.

A

LIFT

29
Q

Ventricular Impulses:palpated over the second and third intercostal space;
a thrill may indicate severe aortic stenosis and systemic
hypertension. A thrill is palpated over the second and third
intercostal spaces may indicate pulmonic stenosis and pulmonic
hypertension?

A

THRILL

30
Q

Extra Heart Sounds: Heard during early systole at the second right intercostal space
and apex. Occurs with opening of the aortic valve and does not
change with respiration?

A

Aortic Ejection
Click

31
Q

Extra Heart Sounds: Has a low frequency and is heard best using the bell of the
stethoscope at the apical area or lower ventricular area of the
chest with the patient in left lateral position. Usually associated
with MI, CHF. ?

A

S2 (Ventricular
Gallop)

32
Q

Extra Heart Sounds:Is a low frequency sound occurring at the end of diastole when
the atria contract. It is caused by vibrations from blood flowing
rapidly into the ventricles after atrial contractions?

A

S4 (Atrial Gallop)

33
Q

Extra Heart Sounds:Is a congenital anomaly that leaves an open channel between
the aorta and pulmonary artery. Found over the second left
intercostal space that may radiate to the left clavicle?

A

Patent Ductus
Arteriosus

34
Q

Extra Heart Sounds:Usually heard best in the third intercostal space to the left of
the sternum caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac. A
high pitch scratchy, scraping sound the rub may increase with
exhalation and when patient lean forward?

A

Pericardial
Friction Rub

35
Q

o Abnormally high pressure in left side of heart gives a person
symptom of?

A

PULMONARY CONGESTION

36
Q

Abnormally high pressure in right side of heart shows in?

A

NECK AND ABDOMEN

37
Q

This is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence;
normally none is present?

A

BRUIT

Health Assessment (9 decks)

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