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Health Assessment > Assessing the abdomen > Flashcards

Assessing the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Liver  Gallbladder  Duodenum
 Head of pancreas
 Right kidney and
adrenal gland
 Hepatic flexure of
colon
 Part of ascending and
transverse colon

A

Right Upper Quadrant

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2
Q

Stomach
 Spleen
 Left lobe of liver  Body of pancreas
 Left kidney and
adrenal gland
 Splenic flexure of
colon
 Part of transverse and
descending colon?

A

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

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3
Q

Cecum
 Appendix
 Right ovary and tube
 Right ureter  Right spermatic cord

A

Right Lower Quadrant

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4
Q

A serous membrane, lines the cavity and forms a protective cover for many of
the abdominal structures?

A

Mesentery

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4
Q

 Part of descending
colon
 Sigmoid colon
 Left ovary and tube
 Left ureter  Left spermatic cord?

A

Left Lower Quadrant

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4
Q

A serous membrane, lines the cavity and forms a protective cover for many of
the abdominal structures. Functions:
o Ingest and digest food
o Absorb nutrients, electrolytes, and water
o Excrete wastes

A

The Alimentary tract

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5
Q

A serous membrane, lines the cavity and forms a protective cover for many of
the abdominal structures?

A

The Peritoneum

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6
Q

Occurs when hollow abdominal organs such as
intestines become distended or contract forcefully or
when the capsule of solid organs such as the liver and
spleen are stretched. Characterized as dull, aching, burning, cramping or colicky?

A

Visceral Pain

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7
Q

Occurs when the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, as in appendicitis or peritonitis characterized as a more
severe and steady pain.?

A

Parietal Pain

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7
Q

Occurs at distant sites that are innervated at
approximately the same levels as the disrupted
abdominal organ. This kind of pain travels or refers from
the primary site and becomes highly localized at the
distant site?

A

Referred Pain

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7
Q

Stand on person’s right side and look down on abdomen
 Then stoop or sit to gaze across abdomen
 Your head should be slightly higher than abdomen
 Determine profile from rib margin to pubic bone; contour describes nutritional
state and normally ranges from flat to rounded?

A

contour

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8
Q

Begin in the ___ and proceed clockwise, covering all quadrants?

A

RLQ

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9
Q

there is a series of soft click and gurgles are heard at a rate of ___
per minute?

A

5-30

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10
Q

Hyperactive sounds referred to as ____ may also be heard
indicates/normal sound of the stomach

A

borborygmus

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11
Q

Reflects diminished motility “ileus“, often follows surgery, viral
illness, severe trauma or overwhelming generalized sepsis, such as
with peritonitis?

A

HYPOACTIVE bowel sound

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11
Q

Increased bowel sounds may occur with gastroenteritis, early
intestinal obstruction, or hunger.  High-pitched tinkling sounds, with rushes and tinkles.  Suggest intestinal fluid and air under pressure, as in early
obstruction or phase of ileus resolution?

A

HYPERACTIVE bowel sound

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12
Q

Referring to an inability to hear any bowel sounds after 5 minutes
of continuous listening, are typically associated with abdominal
pain and rigidity…severe ileus or bowel exhaustion with prolonged
bowel obstruction (indicators of a surgical emergency?

A

ABSENT bowel sound

12
Q

What organ is: Place the left hand flat against the lower right anterior rib cage. Use ulnar side
of the right fist to strike the left hand?

A

LIVER

13
Q

Percuss the ___ at the costovertebral angles over the 12
the rib?

A

KIDNEY

13
Q

PALPATION: Stand at the client’s right side and place you left hand under client’s back at the
level of the 11th to 12th rib?

A

LIVER

14
Q

Palpation: Stand at the client’s right-side reach over the abdomen with the left arm and
place the hand under the posterior lower ribs. Pull up gently. Place you right
hand below left costal margin with the fingers pointing towards the client?

A

spleen

15
Q

Ask the client to lie on the left side. Hyperextend the right leg of the client.  Normally, there is no pain present  Abnormal: Pin in the RLQ pain () is associated with irritation of the
iliopsoas muscle due to appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix?**

A

PSOAS SIGN

15
Q

Support the client’s right knee and ankle.  Flex the hip and knee rotate the leg internally and externally.  Normally, there is no presence of abdominal pain
 Abnormal: Pain in the RLQ indicates irritation of the obturator muscle due to
appendicitis or a perforated appendix?

A

obturator sign

16
Q

PALPATION: Support the right posterior flank with your left hand and
place your right hand in the RUQ just below the costal margin at the MCL?

A

Kidney

16
Q

Palpate deeply in the LLQ and quickly release pressure
 Normally, there is no rebound pain is elicited
 Abnormal: Pain in the RLQ during pressure in the LLQ is a positive Rovsing’s
Sign?

A

Referred Rebound tenderness

16
Q

Stroke the abdomen with a sharp object (e.g., broken cotton tipped applicator or
tongue blade) or grasp a fold of skin with your thumb and index finger?

A

Hypersensitivity test

17
Q

Assess RUQ pain of tenderness, which may signal cholecystitis (inflammation of
the gallbladder).  Press your fingertips under the liver border at the right costal margin and ask
the client to inhale deeply.  Normally, there is no increase pain present  Abnormal: Accentuated sharp pain that cause the client to hold his or her
breath (inspiratory arrest) is a positive Murphy’s sign and is associate with
acute cholecystitis?

A

Test for cholecystitis

18
Q

Hard stools in the colon appear as a
localized distention. Percussion over the
area discloses dullness

A

feces

19
Q

The abdomen distended with gas may
appear as a generalized protuberance or
it may appear more localized. Tympany is
the percussion tone over the area?

A

Flatus

19
Q

Obesity accounts for most uniformity
protuberant abdomen. The abdominal
wall is thick, and tympany is the
percussion tone elicited. The umbilicus
usually appears sunken

A

fat

20
Q

Fluid in the abdomen causes generalized
protuberance, bulging flanks, and an
everted umbilicus. Percussion reveals
dullness over fluid (bottom of the
abdomen and flanks) and tympany over
intestines (top of the abdomen)

A

ascitic fluid

20
Q

Results from the bowel protruding
through a weakness in the umbilical
ring. This condition occurs more
frequently in infants, but also occurs in
adults?

A

UMBILICAL HERNIA

21
Q

____occurs when the bowel
protrudes through a separation between
the two rectus abdominis muscles. It
appears as a midline ridge. The bulge
may appear only when the client raises
the head or coughs. The condition is of
little significance?

A

Diastasis Recti

22
Q

An __ occurs when the
bowel protrudes through a weakness in
the linea alba. The small bulge appears
midline between the xiphoid process and
the umbilicus. It may be discovered only
on palpation?

A

Epigastric Hernia

22
Q

(splenomegaly) is
defined by an area of dullness exceeding
7 cm. When enlarged, the spleen
progresses downward and in toward the
midline?

A

ENLARGED SPLEEN

23
Q

An

__occurs when the
bowel protrudes through a defect or
weakness resulting from a surgical
incision. It appears as a bulge near a
surgical scar on the abdomenAn incisional hernia occurs when the
bowel protrudes through a defect or
weakness resulting from a surgical
incision. It appears as a bulge near a
surgical scar on the abdomen?

A

Incisional Hernia

23
Q

(hepatomegaly) is
defined as a span greater than 12cm at
the mid-clavicular line (MCL) and greater than 8cm at the midsternal liver (MSL). An enlarged nontender liver suggests
congestive heart failure, acute hepatitis, or abscess?

A

ENLARGED LIVER

24
Q

An enlarged may be due to cyst, tumor or
hydronephrosis. It may be differentiated
from an enlarged spleen by its smooth
rather than sharp edge, the absence of a
notch, and tympany on percussion?

A

ENLARGED KIDNEY

24
Q

An extremely tender, _-___
suggests acute cholecystitis. A positive
finding is Murphy’s sign (sharp pain that
causes the client to hold the breath)?

A

ENLARGED GALLBLADDER

25
Q

An enlarged firm, hard, nodular liver
suggests cancer. Other causes may be
late cirrhosis or syPHILIS?

A

ENLARGED NODULAR LIVER

26
Q

A prominent laterally pulsating mass
above the umbilicus strongly suggests an
__. It is accompanied by a
bruit and a wide bounding pulse?

A

AORTIC ANEURYSM

Health Assessment (9 decks)

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