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health assessment > Thorax and lungs > Flashcards

Thorax and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are environmental asthma triggers?

A

Higher risk in inner city because of more pollution

Pet dander, dust, pollen, smoking around children

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2
Q

Who is at higher risk for tuberculosis?

A

Those in prisons, extended care facilities

Older adults

Smokers

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3
Q

What conditions can cause a barrel chest?

A

COPD
emphysema

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4
Q

When are Cheyne-stokes respirations seen?

A

Can be seen in overdoses, heart failure

Most often associated with being close to death

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5
Q

When do you usually see Biot’s respirations?

A

When there is trauma

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6
Q

What are the signs of early hypoxia?

A

RAT- restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia/tachypnea

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7
Q

What are the signs of late hypoxia?

A

BED- bradycardia, extreme restlessness, severe dyspnea

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8
Q

How does hypoxia present in pediatrics?

A

F- feeding difficulty
I- inspiratory stridor
N- nares flare
E- expiratory grunting
S- sternal retractions

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9
Q

What are the lung sound fields from high to low?

A

Bronchial

Bronchio-vesicular

Vesicular

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10
Q

What are atelectacic breath sounds?

A

Heard after surgery sometimes or when on bed rest

Similar in sound to crackles but if pt takes a deep breath and coughs and crackles go away, it’s atelectacic

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11
Q

How do you test egophony?

A

pt says eee

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12
Q

How do you test bronchophony?

A

99; it should sound muffled

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13
Q

How do you test whispered pectoriloquy?

A

123; should be almost not audible

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14
Q

What conditions cause wheezing?

A

Asthma
Acute bronchitis
COPD
Heard during expiration

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15
Q

What conditions cause stridor?

A

Croup
Foreign body obstruction

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16
Q

What conditions cause fine crackles and what does it sound like?

Where is it best heard?

A

Sounds like hair rubbing near the ear
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary fibrosis

Base of the lungs during inspiration

17
Q

What conditions cause coarse crackles and what does it sound like?

Where are they best heard?

A

Low pitched and moist
Pulmonary edema
Bronchitis

Base of the lungs during inspiration

18
Q

What does pleural friction rub sound like and what conditions cause it?

Where is it best heard?

A

Harsh grating or creaking
TB
pneumonia

Best heard in the lower anterior lungs and lateral chest

19
Q

What is sibilant wheezing?

A

When air is passing through a narrowed airway

20
Q

What is a sonorous wheeze?

A

Deep, low-pitched rumbling or coarse sound

21
Q

What percussion sound is caused by bronchitis?

A

Resonance

Loud, low-pitched and has long duration

22
Q

What percussion sound is caused by pneumonia?

A

Dullness

23
Q

What percussion sound is caused by pneumothorax?

A

Tympany

24
Q

What percussion sound is caused by pleural effusion?

A

Flatness

25
Q

What does capillary of more than 3 seconds indicate?

A

Arterial insufficiency to the extremities

26
Q

What are manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis?

A

Night sweats

Low-grade fever

Blood in the sputum

Weight loss

27
Q

What is an expected finding of a toddler having heart failure?

A

Orthopnea- difficulty breathing while lying down

28
Q

What is a manifestation of atelectasis?

A

Hypoxemia- decreased oxygenation of the red blood cells and cyanosis due to poor oxygen exchange

29
Q

What is an expected finding for atelectasis for someone who is postoperative?

A

Increasing dyspnea

30
Q

What area of the body is the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis?

A

Oral mucosa

31
Q

What does rhonchi sound like and what causes it?

A

Rumbling, snoring or rattling sound resulting from fluid or mucous

32
Q

What is a sign of DVT?

A

Dull, aching calf pain

Edema, warmth, and redness in the calf

33
Q

What finding is expected for a newborn who has a large patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Systolic murmur

34
Q

What is an expected finding for right sided heart failure?

A

Elevated central venous pressure (CVP)

35
Q

What are manifestations of PAD?

A

Skin that is cool or cold to the touch

Pale and cyanotic when the extremity is elevated above the heart, and dark red when it is dangling normally

Leg pain at rest

Thickened toenails

36
Q

What does an S3 sound represent specifically?

A

Ventricular gallop- cussed by a rush of blood into a ventricle that is stiff or dilated

Can be found in heart failure and hypertension

health assessment (14 decks)

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