Thorax & Abdomen Procedures Flashcards
Why is AP/PA chest done at a 72” SID?
To reduce heart magnification
Why is chest typically performed upright?
Demonstrate air-fluid levels
Allows for full inspiration
Prevent engorgement
Why is a lordotic chest x-ray typically performed?
TB
What is demonstrated in a lordotic chest?
Apices of the lungs without superimposition of the clavicles
For a lordotic chest view, how should the CR be angled if the patient is standing vertically?
15-20 cephalic
How is a decub chest x-ray performed?
Fluid side down
Air side up
Is AP/PA upper ribs performed on inspiration or expiriation?
Inspiration
Is AP/PA lower ribs performed on inspiration or expiriation?
Expiration
How much should the patient be rotated for oblique rib views?
45 degrees
What is the SID for lateral sternum?
72”
What oblique view is used for sternum?
RAO
Why is a breathing technique used for oblique sternum view?
Blur ribs and lung detail
What is demonstrated in RAO sternum?
Sternum is over the heart shadow to the left of the vertebral column
How much is a patient rotated for RAO sternum?
15-20 degrees
When is the valsalva maneuver performed?
To look for hiatal hernia, esaphogeal reflux, or varices
How is a patient positioned for oblique SC joints?
15 degree oblique
CR for SC oblique?
T2-3 and 1.5” lateral to MSP
Which SC joints are demonstrated in RAO/LAO positions?
Downside joints
RAO - right
LAO - left
Where are the 9 abdomen regions?
Right hypocondriac
Right Lumbar
Right Iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Left hypocondriac
Left Lumbar
Left iliac
Why is AP upright abdomen performed?
To demonstrate air-fluid levels or intra-peritoneal air
How should the CR be positioned to demonstrate air-fluid levels?
Parallel with the floor
Is an abdomen decum performed left or right lateral and why?
Left lateral; free air will not be confused with air in the stomach
Where is the CR for lateral decub abdomen?
2-3” above iliac crest
Upper GI - what is shown in the prone position?
Entire stomach and duodenal loop. Body and pyloris are filled with barium
Upper GI - what is shown in an RAO supine position?
Pyloric canal and duodenal bulb. Air will fill the fundus
Upper GI - what is shown in a right lateral position?
Right retrogastric space, duodenal loop, and duodenojejunal junction. Air should fill fundus
Upper GI - what is shown in a supine position?
Bariun filled fundus
Upper GI - what is shown in LPO position?
Demonstrates the fundus and unobstructed view of the duodenal bulb. Air fills the pylorus
What position demonstrates a hiatal hernia?
25-30 degree Trendelenburg
Small bowel series is complete when barium reaches which spots:
Ileocecal valve
Terminal ileum
Cecum
Large intestines
NOT ASCENDING COLON
What position is the patient put in to insert an enema tip?
Sim’s
How is the tip directed for a barium enema?
Anteriorly and superiorly
How many inches is the enema tip inserted?
2-3”
What is the side of interest in BE left/right lateral decub projections?
Side with air
What side is demonstrated in BE posterior obliques?
Upside
What is the CR for BE AP axial (Sigmoid)?
30-40 cephalic; 2” below ASIS
What is the purpose of ERCP?
Demonstrate the patency of the biliary and pancreatic ducts through retrograde injection of contrast into the hepatopancreatic ampulla
What is a cystogram?
Non-functional study of the bladder
What is a voiding cystogram?
Functional study of urethra and bladder
What is the patient positioning for voiding cystogram? (males/females)
Males: 30 degree RPO
Female: AP
What is demonstrated in oblique postions for an IVU?
Upside kidney
Downside ureter
How much is the patient rotated for obliques in an IVU exam?
25-30 degrees
What is a retrograde urogram?
Filling of structures in the oppsite direction of the normal flow
When should an HSG be scheduled?
7-10 days following the onset of menstration
