Thorax Flashcards
Which ribs do the breast extend vertically across
R2-6 or 7
What are lactiferous ducts
15-20 ducts that drain individual lobes and empty to the nipple, separated by septa
What is the lactiferous sinus
dilated region in each lactiferous duct
–milk accumulates here during nursing
What is the retromammary space
located behind the breast, but anterior to pectoralis major
– allows breast to have movement over muscles
What is the suspensory ligament
ligament from clavicle and clavipectoral fascia branching out through and around breast tissue to the dermis of the skin overlying the breast
What is the axillary tail
part of the breast that extends into axilla
What is the areola
pigmented area around the nipple
What is located in the areola
oil secreting ducts to help with chaffing and irritation during nursing
What level does the nipple sit at
4th intercostal space
What arteries supply the breast
anterior and posterior intercostal aa
Thoracoacromial trunk
Internal Thoracic a
Lateral thoracic a
Where does the venous system of the breast drain to
Drains into the superior vena cava or azygos system
Where does lymph of the lateral breast drain to and how much drainage does it account for
75% drains to the pectoral nodes, then to the axillary nodes
Where does the lymph of the medial breast drain to
parasternal nodes, or opposite breast–how cancer spreads to the other breast
Where does the lymph of the inferior breast drain to
Abdominal nodes
What is the most prevalent type of breast cancer
adenocarcinomas of the glandular epithelium of mammary gland ducts
What is often the resulting issue of breast cancer
blockage of lymphatic drainage that results in edema
What are the physical signs of blocked lympatic drainage in the breast
deviation of the nipple
thickening of skin
orange peel appearance
What are the ways that metastatic breast cancer can spread
lymphatic drainage to axilla
posterior intercostal v
Azygos system of vv
What will occur if the breast cancer has entered the retromammary space or deep pectoral fascia
Breast will elevate when pectoralis major is elevated
What is a modified mastectomy
breast is removed down to retromammary space and axillary nodes
What is a radical mastectomy
breast, pectoral mm, fat, fascia, axillary lymph nodes are removed
In extreme cases part of the thoracic wall may be removed
What is the sensory nerve supply to the breast?
2nd to 6th intercostal nerves and anterior and lateral cutaneous branches that carry sympathetics as well as sensory fromVPR of T1-T11
