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Gross III > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

0
Q

What is the epicardium

A

visceral layer of serous pericardium

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1
Q

What are the layers of the heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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2
Q

What is the myocardium

A

primarily cardiac mm

-forms the bulk of the heart

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3
Q

What is the endocardium

A

Sheet of endothelium lining the chambers of the heart

-covers valves, continuous with endothelium of blood vessels

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4
Q

What is the skeleton of the heart

A

four fibrous connective tissue rings surrounding the four heart valves

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5
Q

What are Fibrous Trigones

A

Thickenings between the aortic semilunar and both atrioventricular rings
-membranous part of interatrial and interventricular septa attach here

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6
Q

What is the function of the fibrous trigones

A
  • Keeps AV and semilunar valves patent and from being overly distended by an increased volume of blood
  • Provides attachment point for cusps
  • separates atrial m from the ventricular m
  • Forms ‘electrical insulator between atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle **
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7
Q

What is the orientation of the heart

A
  • oriented obliquely behind sternum and medial ends of ribs 3-5
  • Apex of heart points left
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8
Q

What forms the sternocostal(anterior) surface of the heart

A

Mostly by right ventricle

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9
Q

What forms the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of the heart

A

Mostly by the left ventricle

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10
Q

What forms the right pulmonary surface

A

Formed mostly by the right atrium

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11
Q

What forms the left pulmonary surface

A

formed by the left ventricle

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12
Q

What forms the base (posterior) surface

A

mostly by the left atrium where pulmonary vv enter

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13
Q

What forms the apex of the heart

A

The left ventricle

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14
Q

What is the anterior interventricular groove

A

furrow between right and left ventricles on sternocostal surface

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15
Q

What is in the anterior interventricular groove

A

anterior interventricular artery

great cardiac vein

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16
Q

What is the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)

A

Junction between atria and ventricles

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17
Q

What is the posterior interventricular groove

A

furrow between right and left ventricles on the diaphragmatic surface

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18
Q

What is contained in the atrioventricular groove

A

contains right and left coronary aa

coronary sinus

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19
Q

What is contained in the posterior interventricular groove

A

contains posterior interventricular artery

middle cardiac vein

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20
Q

What is the right auricle

A

sometimes called the atrium proper

corresponds to the primordial atrium

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21
Q

What is the pectinate muscle

A

Found in anterior upper wall of atrium and in right auricle

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22
Q

What makes the majority of the inner wall of the right atrium smooth posteriorly

A

sinus venarum

23
Q

What is the crista terminalis

A

internal ridge of tissue in right atrium separating the pectinate muscle of the atrium from the sinus venarum

24
Q

What does the crista terminalis correspond with

A

sulcus terminalis

25
Q

What costal level does the SVC open into the sinus venarum

A

right 3rd costal cartilage

26
Q

What costal levels does the IVC open into the sinus venarum

A

right 5th costal cartilage

27
Q

Where is the SA nod located

A

anterolaterally at the the junction of the SVC and right atrium near the superior end of crista terminalis

28
Q

Where is the AV node located

A

posteroinferior in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

29
Q

Where is the coronary sinus

A

opens into the sinus venarum just posteromedial to IVC opening

30
Q

What does the coronary sinus do

A

provides venous return for most cardiac vv

31
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

oval shaped depression found in the interatrial septum

- remnant of the foramen ovale

32
Q

What can a large patency of the fossa ovalis cause

A

hypertrophy of right atrium and ventricle and pulmonary hypertension

33
Q

What is the right atrioventricular orifice

A

opening for tricuspid valve

34
Q

Does the right ventricle or the right atrium have a thicker muscular wall

A

right ventricle

35
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive blood from

A

right atrium through the tricuspid valve

36
Q

How does blood leave the right ventricle

A

leaves via conus arteriosus in the superior left part of the ventricle
leading to pulmonary semilunar valveat base of pulmonary trunk

37
Q

What is Trabeculae carneae

A

irregular muscle ridges that line the right ventricle

38
Q

what is the conus arteriosus

A

funnel shaped smooth area of the ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk
AKA infundibulum

39
Q

What is the supraventricular crest

A

separates the conus arteriosus from the trabelculae carneae

40
Q

What is the tricuspid valve

A

Right atrioventricular valve

41
Q

What are the valves of the tricuspid valve labelled as

A

anterior
posterior
septal

42
Q

When does the tricuspid valve work

A

closes with contraction of right ventricle to prevent backflow of blood into right atrium

43
Q

What do the chordae tendinae do

A

prevent evertion of cusps during ventricular contraction

44
Q

What does the papillary muscle do

A

start contracting before the ventricle to tense cords

45
Q

What does the septomarginal trabecula contain and what does it do

A

contains the right AV bundle

Gets papillary muscle contracting before the ventricular contraction

46
Q

What are the two parts of the interventricular septum

A

Muscular part-thick, strong, inferior major portion of the septum
Membranous part- thin, superior minor portion of the septum

47
Q

What is the pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Between the right and pulmonary trunk

contains 3 concave semilunar shaped cusps

48
Q

What is the lunule

A

thickened free edge of each cusp of the pulmonary semilunar valve

49
Q

What is the nodule of the pulmonary semilunar valve

A

central focal thickening in each nodule

50
Q

What is the sinus of the pulmonary semilunar valve

A

located in the cup-shaped pocket associated with each cusp

51
Q

How does the pulmonary semilunar valve work

A

sinuses fill with blood and lunules/nodules close together as pulmonary trunk recoils during diastole

52
Q

Where is the left atrium located and what does it do

A

posteriorly and forms most of the base of the hear

Receives oxygenated venous blood from the pulmonary vv

53
Q

What structure extends anterolaterally to cover the base of the pulmonary trunk

A

Left Auricle

54
Q

Which auricle is larger, left or right

A

Right

55
Q

What is the atrioventricular orifice

A

opening of bicuspid valve to left ventricle

inferior to left atrium

Gross III (11 decks)

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