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Gross III > Bony Thorax > Flashcards

Bony Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

What structures pass through the inferior thoracic aperture (anatomical thoracic outlet)

A

esophagus, aorta, and inferior vena cava

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1
Q

What are the names for the superior thoracic aperture

A

Anatomical: Thoracic inlet
Clinical: Thoracic outlet

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2
Q

Which viscera do the sternum protect

A

Mediastinal viscera–especially the heart

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3
Q

What part of the sternum is the widest part

A

manubrium

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4
Q

What landmarks are located on the manubrium

A

suprasternal notch
manubriosternal joint
sternal angle

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5
Q

What vertebral level is the suprasternal (jugular) notch

A

T2

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6
Q

What vertebral level is the manubriosternal joint/sternal angle located

A

T4-5

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7
Q

What ribs articulate with the body of the sternum

A

R2-7

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8
Q

What does the xiphoid process delineate

A

inferior limit of central thoracic cavity
midline marker for upper limit of liver
inferior border of heart

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9
Q

What vertebral level is the xiphisternal joint located at

A

T8-9

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10
Q

Where is the subcostal angle located

A

inferior end of sternum between sternal attachment of 7th costal cartilage

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11
Q

How are the intercostal spaces numbered

A

numerically associated with the rib forming the superior border

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12
Q

What are the landmarks of the head of the ribs

A 
articular facets (superior and inferior)
crest
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13
Q

What structures create the costal groove

A

The intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

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14
Q

What characteristics make R1 atypical

A

broadest, shortest, most sharply curved
single facet for articulation with T1
2 superior transverse grooves present for subclavian a,v
Scalene Tubercle for anterior scalene
ridge formed by groove for subclavian a and middle scalene attachment

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15
Q

What makes R2 atypical

A

Tuberosity for serratus anterior m attachment

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16
Q

How are R10-12 atypical

A

only one facet on head

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17
Q

What makes R11-12 atypical

A

short and have no neck or tubercles

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18
Q

Where are supernumerary ribs typically located

A

cervical most common, but can also be located in lumbar

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19
Q

What are the potential complications from supernumerary cervical ribs

A

parasthesia in upper limb if brachial plexus is compressed

ischemic muscle pain if subclavian a is compressed

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20
Q

What is a potential complication of a broken rib

A

ma puncture/lacerate underlying viscera

21
Q

What is flail chest

A

results from multiple rib fractures creating sizeable segment of lateral or anterior chest wall to move freely
causes painful paradoxical movement (inward/inspiration, outward/expiration)

22
Q

What type of joint is a costochondral joint

A

syncondroses

23
Q

Is there any movement at the costochondral joint

A

no- firmly bound by hyaline cartilage

24
Q

What type of joint is found at the sternocostal joint of R1

A

synchondrosis

25
Q

What type of joint is found at R2-7

A

synovial joint– strengthened by the anterior/posterior radiate sternocostal l.

26
Q

Which joint does a rib dislocation occur at

A

sternocostal joint

27
Q

Which joint does a rib separation occur at

A

Costochondral joint

– usually involves tearing of perichondrium/periosteum

28
Q

What are the layers of intercostal mm

A 
Superficial:
external intercostals
Middle:
internal intercostals
Deepest:
innermost intercostals
subcostals
29
Q

What is the external intercostal mm replaced by and where

A

external intercostal membrane

from costochondral joint to sternum

30
Q

What directions to the external intercostal muscles run

A

down and in (hands in pockets)

31
Q

Which muscles is in the same plane and continuous with the external intercostals

A

external abdominal oblique

32
Q

What is the action of the external intercostals

A

elevate ribs in forced inspiration

33
Q

What is the internal intercostal mm replaced by and where

A

internal intercostal membrane

angle to transverse process of vertebrae

34
Q

What direction do the internal intercostal mm fibers run

A

down and out

35
Q

What muscle is in the same plane and blends with the internal intercostal mm

A

internal oblique

36
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostal membrane

A

depress ribs in forced expiration (maintain tonus in normal respiration)

37
Q

What is the deepest layer of intercostal mm composed of

A

innermost intercostal mm
subcostal mm
Transversus Thoracis m

38
Q

Which part of the thorax is the innermost intercostal mm found

A

lateral portion only

39
Q

What separates the internal intercostal mm from the innermost intercostal mm

A

intercostal VAN

40
Q

What is the action of the innermost intercostal mm

A

depress ribs in forced expiration

41
Q

What part of the thorax is the subcostal mm located

A

posterior surface of lower ribs near the angles

42
Q

What makes the subcostal mm unique from the intercostal mm

A

muscle spans two or more intercostal spaces

43
Q

What is the action of the subcostal mm

A

weakly depress the ribs

44
Q

Where is the transversus thoracis located in the thorax

A

inner surface of anterior thoracic wall

45
Q

What distance does the transversus thoracis span

A

inferior sternum to 2nd-6th costal cartilages

46
Q

What muscle is the the tranversus thoracis in the same plane with and continuous with

A

transversus abdominis m

47
Q

What is the action of the transversus thoracis

A

weakly depress the ribs, may function in proprioception

48
Q

What are the accesory mm of respiration

A 
pec major,minor mm
serratus anterior mm
scalene mm
levator costarum mm
serratus posterior superior and inferior mm
49
Q

Which accessory respiratory muscles elevate the ribs in forced exhalation

A

pec major, minor
serratus anterior
levator costarum

50
Q

What is the action of the scalene mm as a accessory respiratory mm

A

fix 1st and 2nd ribs facilitating action of intercostal mm below

Gross III (11 decks)

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