Neurovascular Stuctures of Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

0
Q

What does the right pulmonary artery parallel

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi to supply bronchopulmonary segments

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1
Q

What does the pulmonary aa do

A

deliver deoxy blood from RIGHT ventricle to root of lung

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2
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do

A

deliver oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

–located between septa therefore adjacent segments share pulmonary venous return

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3
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary circulation and bronchial circulation

A

Pulmonary: delivers blood for circulation
Bronchial: delivers blood to supply lung substance

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4
Q

What does the bronchial aa do

A

supplies lung and visceral pleura

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5
Q

How do the bronchial aa travel

A

Right Bronchial a branches from 3rd right posterior intercostal a
Follow bronchi to level of respiratory bronchiole where they anastomose with pulmonary a

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6
Q

Does the bronchial vv drain all of bronchial aa supply

A

no only part.

– the rest is returned via pulmonary vv

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7
Q

How do the bronchial vv compare to the pulmonary vv

A

smaller in diameter

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8
Q

Where do the right and left bronchial vv drain to

A

Right: azygos v
Left: Accessory hemiazygos v

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9
Q

What do the superficial lymphatic plexus drain and where does it drain to

A

Drains: Lung

Drains to: bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes

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10
Q

What does the deep lymphatic plexus drain and where does it drain to

A

Drains: Root of the lung

Drains to: intrapulmonary, then bronchopulmonary nodes

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11
Q

What do the tracheobronchial nodes drain and where do they drain to

A

Drain: They are secondary lymph nodes for all of pulmonary lymphatics
Drain to: junction of the subclavian v and internal jugular v

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12
Q

What makes up the pulmonary plexus of nerves and where is it found

A

Presynaptic parasympathetics–from Vagus n
Postsynaptic sympathetics–usually T1-T5
visceral afferents

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13
Q

Which nerves to the visceral afferent nociceptive fibers run with

A

sympathetics

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14
Q

Which nerves do the visceral afferent reflexive run with

A

parasympathetics

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15
Q

What are the visceral afferents from the vagus nerve involved with

A

reflexive control of:
tactile sensation in bronchial mucosa (cough reflex)
stretch receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
pressure receptors in pulmonary aa (blood pressure)
chemoreceptorr in pulmonary vv (blood gases)

16
Q

What causes a pulmonary collapse

A

surface tension between visceral and parietal pleurae is lost
elastic recoil will cause lung to expel air and collapse

17
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

air entering the pleural cavity

18
Q

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax

A

most common

results from bleb rupture of lung surface

19
Q

What is open pneumothorax

A

wound to thoracic wall that pierces the parietal pleura leaving the pleural cavity open to outside air
–can lead to a tension pneumothorax

20
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax

A

air pressure as result of open pneumothorax builds on wounded side pushing mediastinum towards the opposite side compressing the inflated lung

21
Q

What is hydropneumothorax

A

fluid in the pleural cavity

22
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

excessive fluid production by pleural membranes

23
Q

What is hemopneumothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity from damage to vessels in thoracic wall

24
Q

What is a thoracocentesis

A

insertion of a needle into pleural cavity to sample or remove fluid
–usually done at 9th intercostal space to avoid intercostal VAN

25
Q

What is pleuritis

A

inflammation of pleura

Creates friction and roughens surface of lung resulting in pleural adhesions

26
Q

If patient has pleuritis in the costal and diaphragmatic pleura where would the pain refer to

A

dermatomal segment of supplied intercostal n

27
Q

If patient has pleuritis in the mediastinal and central diaphragmatic pleura where would the pain refer to

A

the root of the neck or over the shoulder (C3-5 dermatome)

28
Q

What is a Pulmonary Embolism

A

obstruction of a large pulmonary artery by a thrombus

Result: portion of lung is ventilated, but not perfused resulting in major decrease in O2 levels and death in minutes

29
Q

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

caused by emphysema or chronic bronchitis
Decreased airflow in and out of airways due to:
-Bronchi and alveoli losing elasticity
-wall between alveoli destroyed
-airway wall become thick
-clogged airway due to mucus